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Summary of GCSE Chemistry specification points 4.6 Rate and extend of chemical reactions - 4.7 Organic chemistry

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Chemistry

Institution
GCSE

Book
AQA GCSE Chemistry Student Book

A perfect night-before-the-exam summary for organic chemistry and rates of chemical reactions Will save you loads of time browsing through notes and textbook as well as specification - in just 3 brief but detailed enough pages Ideal for those who want to score high without much work!

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Summarized whole book? No
Which chapters are summarized? Unit 3 - rates, equilibrium, and organic chemistry
Uploaded on June 7, 2021
Number of pages 3
Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

chemistry
rates of reaction
reversible reactions
polymers
polymerisation
summary points
night before the exam
aqa
gcse
organic chemistry
crude oil
alkanes
alkenes
carboxylic acids
alcohols
reactions o

Institution GCSE
Education GCSE
Module Chemistry
School year 2

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Summary for spec points 4.6 Rate and Extent of Chemical Change – 4.7 Organic
Chemistry

4.6 – Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

 = quantity of reactant used ÷ time
 = quantity of product formed ÷ time
 Units: grams or cm^3/s or mol/s
 To calculate from a graph:
o Draw a tangent at the point in
time required
o Calculate gradient of the tangent
 The steeper the line = the faster the reaction
 When slope gradient = 0, reaction stopped
 Factors that affect the rate of reaction are:
o Concentration
o Pressure
o Surface area : volume
o Temperature
o Catalysts
 Collision theory: chemical reaction can occur only when reacting praticles collide
with each other and with sufficient energy
 Activation energy – minimum amount of energy needed for successful reaction
 Increasing any of the factors will lead to faster reaction (cuz more collisions)
 Iron is used for ammonia
o Platinum and palladium are in car catalyctic converters
o Enzymes catalyse biological reactions
 Catalysts speed up the reaction, but are not used up
 Catalyst provide an alternative pathway for reaction with lower activation energy
 Catalysts reduce costs and use of fossil fuels
 Reversible reactions are those where product can form reactants
 Direction of reversile reaction can be changed by changing the conditions
 The same amount of energy is transferred each way in reverse reactions
 If one is exo the other one is endo
 In a closed system reverse reactions, it is in equilibrium when both reactions occur at
the same rate
 Le chateliers principle: by changing the conditions at equilibrium the system will
produce a counteracting change to be at equilibrium again:
o If more reactants are added – more product will be formed to meet the
equilibrium
o If the temperature of a system at equilibrium is increased:
 the relative amount of products at equilibrium increases for an
endothermic reaction
 the relative amount of products at equilibrium decreases for an
exothermic reaction
o If the temperature of a system at equilibrium is decreased:

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Summary of GCSE Chemistry specification points 4.6 Rate and extend of chemical reactions - 4.7 Organic chemistry

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