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Summary Antibiotics

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This one page summary lecture note on antibiotics contains the main classes of antibiotics you need to know along with its target and spectrum of bacteria!

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  • June 12, 2021
  • 1
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary
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theanatomyholmes
Antibiotics
Cell Wall

Penicillin Inhibit cell wall synthesis during 1) Natural Penicillins: gram-pos + spirochetes
active cell binary fission 2) Beta-lactamases resistance: MRSA
3) Aminopenicillins: gram-pos + gram-neg
4) Ureidopenicillins: Pseudomonas + resistant gram-negative rods

Cephalosporin *similar to penicillin 1st generation: gram-positive cocci (except enterococci & MRSA)
2nd generation: 1st + gram-neg + Bacteroides (except P. aeruginosa)
3rd generation: 1st + gram-negative (include P. aeruginosa), MRSA
4th generation: Enterobacter

Carbapenem *similar to penicillin Gram-negative rods, gram-positive, anaerobes

Glycopeptides *similar to penicillin Staphylococci, enterococci, clostridium

Cell Membrane

Polymyxins Destroy active t. & permeability P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter baumannii

Protein

Tetracycline Inhibit binding of aminoacyl-tRNA (Intracellular) Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, (Lack cell wall) Mycoplasma
*teeth discoloration to 30s subunit pneumoniae

Chloramphenicol Block attachment of AA on 50s Salmonella, meningococci, H. influenzae
*gray baby syndrome subunit

Macrolides Interfere translocation & initiation Pneumococci, M. pneumoniae, gram-positive, streptococci, corynebacteria,
*for allergic penicillin complex by attach 50s Chlamydia, Legion.

Clindamycin Interfere translocate, initiate 50s Bacteroides fragilis, anaerobes

Oxazolidinones Interfere translate, initiation 30s Pneumoniae, bacteremia, skin & soft tissue infection (Linezolid)

Aminoglycosides Attach & inhibit function of 30s Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, bacteremia, endocarditis

Nucleic Acid

Quinolones Block DNA gyrase, topoiso IV Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus, Neisseriae, Chlamydiae, P aeru.

Sulfonamides & Inhibit folic acid synthesis *Combined: S. aureus, MRSA, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, E. coli,
Trimethoprim Proteus, Y. enterocolitica, N. gonorrhoeae, B. pseudomallei

Metronidazole Free radical form, DNA break Anaerobes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Helicobacter pylori, G. vaginalis

Rifamycin Inhibit RNA synthesis: RNA pol Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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