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A level biology notes

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mark scheme notes to get you top marks in your A Level Biology exams

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  • July 3, 2021
  • 1
  • 2020/2021
  • Lecture notes
  • A sanga
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Biological molecules



 Monomer – small repeating units that for a polymer
 Test for reducing sugars – benedict reagent – add food sample to test tube (if not liquid
grind with water) – add benedict’s reagent – heat – colour change from blue to red.
 Condensation reaction- monosaccharides join to form disaccharides – loss of water molecule
– glycosidic bond formed between sugars
 Hydrolysis- addition of water breaks bonds between molecules– glycosidic bond broken
between disaccharides during hydrolysis
 Glucose + glucose = maltose
 Glucose + fructose = sucrose
 Glucose + galactose = lactose
 Test for non-reducing sugars – carried out if reducing test was negative – add HCL to sample-
neutralise with sodium hydrogen carbonate – carry out benedict’s test – if test is positive
original sample will turn from blue to brick red.

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