Lecture notes
Central Nervous System and its Structure
- Institution
- University Of Lincoln (UoL)
Covers the structure of the central nervous system in humans and other animals, and how different parts form.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of AnimalsLecture 29 The CNS and its structure 01/03/21
The Central Nervous System
- Parts of the nervous system encased in bone: the brain and the spinal cord.
- The brain has three parts common to all mammals: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the
brain stem.
The Cerebrum
- The largest part of the brain.
- It is split down the middle into two cerebral hemispheres separated by the
longitudinal cerebral fissure connected by the Corpus callosum.
- It is crossed-wired: RHS to left body, LHS to right body.
The Cerebellum
- Contains as many neurones as both cerebral hemispheres combined.
- Primarily a movement control centre.
- Extensive connections with the cerebrum and the spinal cord.
- Ipsilateral projections: RHS to right body, LHS to left body.
The Brain Stem
- Consists of a midbrain, pons, and medulla.
- A complex nexus of fibres.
- Relays information from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and
cerebellum, and vice versa.
- The site where vital functions (breathing, consciousness, and
the control of the body temperature) are regulated.
- It is the most primitive part of the mammalian brain, the
most important to life.
The Spinal Cord
- Encased in the bony vertebral column and attached to the brain
stem.
- The major conduit of information from the skin, joints, and muscles
of the body to the brain and vice versa.
- Communicates to the body via the spinal nerves of the peripheral
nervous system.
The Somatic PNS
- All the spinal nerves that innervate the skin, the joints, and the
muscles that are under voluntary control.
The Visceral PNS
- The involuntary, vegetative, or autonomic nervous system.
- All of the neurones innervating internal organs, blood vessels, and
glands.
- Visceral sensory axons: information about visceral functions (blood
pressure and oxygen content in the arteries) to the central nervous system.
- Visceral motor fibres: contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles. Emotional reactions
beyond voluntary control, such as blushing.
, Afferent and Efferent Axons
- Afferent: carry to, towards the somatic or visceral sensory axons bringing information into
the CNS.
- Efferent: carry from, away from the axons from the CNS; innervating muscles and glands.
The 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller chloegalvin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64438 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now