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Applied Psychology Year 13 Psychopathology Assignment £9.99
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  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
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  5. Applied Psychology
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Applied Psychology Year 13 Psychopathology Assignment
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These are my assignments for year 13 BTEC Applied Psychology. I got a Distinction with these. They explore the causes of mental disorders and their types and characteristics, the history of the perception of mental disorders, definitions of psychopathology. I mostly focus on Anxiety Disorders. They...

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  • November 7, 2021
  • 14
  • 2020/2021
  • Essay
  • Unknown
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Introduction

The World Health Organisation defines health as a ‘state of complete physical, mental and

social well being and not merely the absence of disease/infirmity (WHO, 1948). This,

however, has not always been the case. Mental health has not always been taken into

consideration and a doctor visit in 1920 differs significantly from one today. Perceptions

surrounding mentality and mental disease have been evolving along with society’s views and

with the evolution of the medical science and psychiatry. This report will refer to the

historical view and perception of mental health from the stone age to the modern-day and the

ways psychopathology is defined, across different eras and cultures. It will later dive into

different perceptions, from the point of view of biological, psychological approaches and

deviations from norms. Furthermore, there will be an attempt to analyze and evaluate these

perceptions upon the sensitive issue of mental health, that has been concerning humans from

the very beginnings of time.

Historical view and analysis of the concept of psychopathology overtime

Physical health and mental disorders’ dimensions have been explored for thousands of

years. In ancient times, and in most cultures, mental disorders were explained through a

supernatural approach, that people who suffered were simply possessed by evil or demonic

higher powers, often as a form of punishment by the Gods. Early cultures and civilizations

such as the ancient Greek, Arabic, Indian, Chinese and many more, have developed cures and

can now help us comprehend the way mental health and disease was understood in these

various eras. (Weiss, 2018).

The first indications of mental disorders are traced in the lithic era (Coleman, Butcher,

& Carson, 1980). In various caves, murals have been found depicting psychopathologic

characteristics as well as methods of intervention. Α practice in the early Neolithic period

, (10.000 BC-3.000 BC) was something like today’s craniotomy, called Trephination. It is like

a kind of prehistoric-time neurosurgery.

Skeletal remains of children’s skulls in France from back in 6.500 BC and in China

from 5.000 BC portray the way these civilizations treated the mentally impaired (Weiss,

2018). Healers such as mystics, shamans, magicians and priests were called to treat illness

and heal sickness, using rituals, incantation and offerings, or being in a trance state (Weiss,

2018). These supernatural views are now rejected, they have however created a stigma

around mental health that the world is still struggling to completely rid of.

In ancient Egypt, Elbers papyrus (1552 BC), which is the oldest medical document

preserved, indicates that in Egypt, the heart and the uterus were the basis of mental health. In

the Pharaonic era, soma and psyche were not differentiated, and there was both a physical

and magic-religious treatment of mental illness (Okasha, 2005). In the Egyptian culture, the

roles of the priest, magician and physician were not separated.

In ancient Greece, worshipers would visit Asclepios’ Sanctuaries hoping for a cure.

They slept wishing for the healing god, Asclepios, to come in their dream to perform a

medical procedure or to prescribe a regimen for the cure, for a broad spectrum of diseases,

both physical and mental. (Wickkiser, 2008). One of these sanctuaries is in Epidaurus, next to

the ancient theatre, while others were at Trikke and the island of Kos.

Hippocratic medicine has also raised body and mind issues, similarly to modern

science. An essential element in his practice was that disease is caused due to an imbalance in

the four humours ratio. (Kalachanis,& Michailidis, 2015). Thus, Hippocrates, the founding

father of medicine, developed a holistic approach in the 5th century BC, examining body,

personality, behaviour and temperament.

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