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Summary Unit 12 C Diseases and infection- BTEC Extended diploma applied medical science
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
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Unit 12CP4. Describe the method available to treat a type of infectious diseases.
Chlamydia is a bacterial infectious sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis. It affects both men and women, with those infected with Chlamydia
often not presenting any symptoms or signs of infection within the beginning stages. Some
individuals may experience symptoms such as pain when peeing, unusual discharge from
genitals, women may experience pain in the abdominal region, bleeding after intercourse,
bleeding between periods, men may experience pain and swelling in the testicles. If left
unnoticed or untreated the chlamydia infection can lead to long term health problems such as
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), epididymo-orchitis (inflammation of the testicles), reactive
arthritis and can cause permanent damage to the fallopian tubes of women, leading to future
infertility (in men also) and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Treatment regime of chlamydia.
Chlamydia can be treated by taking oral antibiotics either as a single dose or as a 7 day course.
The most commonly used antibiotics to treat chlamydia is azithromycin or doxycycline but other
antibiotics such as amoxicillin and erythromycin ethylsuccinate can be successfully used, in
particular for pregnant women, to treat the chlamydia infection. The recommended dosage
regime for non pregnant adolescents/ adults with the chlamydia infection is to take 1g of
azithromycin orally in a single dose, or, to orally take 100mg of doxycycline twice daily for seven
days. The recommended dosage regime for pregnant women with the chlamydia infection is to
orally take 1g of azithromycin in a single dose, or, to take 500mg amoxicillin orally twice daily for
seven days.
Individuals should still abstain from sexual intercourse until the antibiotic course is finished or 7
days after the single dose treatment is taken to avoid spreading the infection to other sexual
partners. Also, previous sexual partners of the chlamydia infected patient should also be tested
and treated if necessary with oral antibiotics to prevent reinfection and spread of the disease
and prevent potential long term health problems associated with untreating the chlamydia
infection. Further to this, individuals should get tested in 3-4 months to confirm the infection has
gone and that the antibiotics have worked.Even though the antibiotics will stop the chlamydia
infection, it will not repair any permanent long term health problems caused by the chlamydia
infection such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which would require an alternative treatment
regime.
M3. Compare different treatment methods to combat disease process.
Different types of Modes of action/ how it Examples of diseases
medications/treatments. works. treated by these
medications.
Antiviral Antiviral drugs work in The infectious disease
treating viral infections. Unlike influenza, also known as the
other forms of treatment flu, can be treated with two
methods, such as antibiotics types of antiviral medications;
1
, Unit 12C
which treat bacterial Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and
infections, antivirals work by; Zanamivir (Relenza).
- Inhibiting entrance of
viruses into the cell by
decreasing the
permeability of cell
surface membranes.
- Preventing the
uncoating of a virus
which would release
of the viral genome by
inhibiting the
production of
protease, an enzyme
vital for the formation
of the protein coat of
the virus therefore
preventing protein
synthesis.
- Inhibiting the
replication of viral
diseases, for example
for RNA viruses such
as Influenza or
measles, this results
in the inhibition of
reverse transcriptase,
a key enzyme in RNA
replication.
Anti-retroviral Antiretroviral drugs are a HIV
group of drugs which work by
suppressing the HIV infection
so that it does not develop
into AIDs and further
complications. Antiretroviral
drugs works by inhibiting the
replication process for the
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) (similarly to
antiviral drugs which inhibits
the replication of other viral
diseases). Again, these
antiretroviral drugs work
2
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