Lecture notes
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- The Open University (OU)
Lecture notes of 6 pages for the course DE200 Investigating Psychology 2 at OU (D241)
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1) Personalizing data on what’s going on in the town, daily updates on the number of casesand deaths - Nhs adverts in media to capture all ages- on how compliance is low the
spread/case in the area and also the death in the area - fights against diffusion of
responsibility and bystander effect as they are presented with all the facts and they will
know the part they have to play - use the Kitty Genovese case as explain and evaluate
with what psychologist said (chpt 5) encourages a sense community and you will know
about the stats of people you probably know of
Suggestion 1:
● Advertisement on all media platforms that give daily updates on the number of cases
and death in the town
● This allows local residents to constantly stay informed on what is going on in their town
as if people aren’t sure what’s going on the chances of them stepping in and taking
action decreases significantly - as confusion encourage diffusion of responsibility and
bystander effect
● Daily updates with the statistics of people you probably know encourages a sense of
community and empathy as if you're familiar with the individual in question, you're more
likely to help.
● Evidence - The murder of Kitty Genovese and what psychologists said
Suggestion 1) : Daily updates on the number of cases and deaths in the town advertised on all
media platforms (e.g. social media to engage younger generation and the news) as this gives
the local residents a clear insight into the current situation of the town.
Theory: Darley and Latane (1970)’s decision-making model of helping behaviour: notice the
event, interpret it as an emergency, decide they are personally responsible, decide how they
might help, and implement that help. In order to help residents interpret the situation as an
emergency we must constantly give them accurate data on what is going on in their town as if
people aren’t sure what’s going on the chances of them stepping in and taking action decreases
significantly - as confusion encourages diffusion of responsibility and bystander effect. It could
be argued that if they knew exactly what was going on they would be more encouraged to follow
the health advice.
Evidence: The Murder of Kitty Genovese in 1964 - It was reported that 38 witnesses saw or heard
her being murdered by Winston Moseley doing nothing to help until until she was dead as they all
believed that someone else had acted/ called the police already.
Evaluate: This is called the ‘Bystander effect’ - “The finding that the more people there are
present in an emergency situation, the less likely it is that any one of those people will help”.
Suggestion 2:
● Provide great incentives and rewards for the whole town
● This will encourage accountability and decrease the chances of diffusion of responsibility
significantly
●
must include - title (12), introduction setting out aims of the poster (50), 2 suggestions + relevant
theories and research (300), evaluation of suggestions with psychological evidence (100), a
summary and conclusion (50), visual aids and reference
, One on understanding and giving information and another on creating responsibilities
Plan for TMA 1 DE200
As a social psychologist, they have asked you for advice on how people can be influenced into
wearing face masks and maintaining safe distances.
What guidance would you give?
2 suggestion about how to influence residents to wear face masks and maintaining social
distancing
key themes - how people understand and get along in the social world
structure - suggestion, explanation, evidence, evaluate (strength, limitation)
key things to include - social influence, attitudes and prosocial behaviour
keep audience in mind - must be good for all ages
keep in mind - how to appeal to residents
the advice given should consider what information the council might find helpful in fostering a
safer local environment
must include - title (12), introduction setting out aims of the poster (50), 2 suggestions + relevant
theories and research (300), evaluation of suggestions with psychological evidence (100), a
summary and conclusion (50), visual aids and reference
Audience: advising a local council trying to get residents to maintain social distancing and wear
face masks, so their concerns: how to appeal successfully to local residents, get them to follow
health advice and thus prevent disease transmission
What information the council might find helpful in fostering a safer local environment
REMEMBER: how each suggestion encourages compliance, conformity and obedience
_
Community activities that build a sense of community
Theory:
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