Summary
Summary Grammar
Grammar key terms and definitions for A-level English Language all in one place! A neatly condensed, organised and precise document that will be sure to aid you in achieving those high grades!
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SUBCLASSESNouns
Proper: a name that identifies a particular, person, place or thing. They always begin with capital letters.
Common: a name that refers to general people, places or things. They do not begin with capital letters
unless they are at the start of the sentence.
Concrete: a type of common noun- name referring to people and things that physically exist and can be
seen and touched.
Abstract: a type of common noun- name of an idea, quality or belief.
Singular: a name that refers to one person, place, thing or quality (e.g. Bob, Paris, scarecrow).
Plural: a name that refers to more than one person, place or thing.
Determiners
Definite article: the, implies you already know (e.g. I am going to THE park)
Indefinite article: a, implies you are unsure (e.g. I am going to A park)
Numerals: Determines the number of nouns (e.g. one apple, the second time)
Quantifiers: similar to numerals but the number isn’t stated (e.g. few, lots, many)
Conjunctions
Coordinating: are used to join clauses of equal value (for, and, or, but, yet, so, nor)
Subordinating: join clauses of unequal value (if, although, whilst, when)
Pronouns
Singular: there is one of the person/thing (e.g. I, me, mine, you, yours, he, him, his, hers, it)
Plural: there is more than one of the person/thing (e.g. we, us, ours, you, yours)
First person: refer to the speaker (e.g. I, me) or to the speaker and others (e.g. we, us)
Second person: refer to the person or persons being addressed (e.g. you, your)
Third person: refer to third parties other than the speaker or the person being addressed (e.g. he, she,
they)
Inclusive: plural pronouns that imply a sense of togetherness (e.g. we, us, our, ourselves)
Exclusive: pronouns that imply the speaker/ writer is distancing themselves with another person or group
of people (e.g. them, they, their, he, her, herself etc)
Interrogative: used to ask questions. There are five of these in English (what, which, who, whom, whose)
Possessive: used to indicate possession (e.g. mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)
Reflexive: used when the same person is the subject and the object (e.g. myself, herself, himself, itself,
yourself, yourselves, ourselves)
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