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Researching media and culture
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- Edge Hill University (EHU)
Researching media and culture
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Student number: 21505969 Assessment 1: Researching Media and CultureThe similarities and differences in format measured using content analysis between the Lorraine
Kelly show and the Ellen DeGeneres show
The focal aim of this research project is to compare the television formats between the British morning
television show Lorraine Kelly and the daytime American televised talk show the Ellen DeGeneres show
using content analysis (Pickering, 2008). This project will focus on twelve chosen format features for
study; counting and scrutinising their similarities and differences during seven episodes of each of the
daytime shows (Krippendorff, 2013).
It is evident that both the Lorraine and the Ellen DeGeneres shows share the key obvious commonality
as they are live television talk shows that both feature a host and an audience (Moran, 2009). However,
they both have a subgenre of their own which sets the two shows apart from each other (Shattuc, 2014).
This conspicuously links to Michael Foucault’s theory (1972) on media discourse whereby discourses
can generate their own representation through their own meaning system (Foucault, 1972 cited in
Munson, 1993: p180). For example, the Lorraine show is broadcast in the morning categorising the show
as a chat show that focuses on entertainment and lifestyle (Lorraine, 2016a and Moran, 2009).
Conversely, the Ellen show’s subgenre is classified as a daytime talk show that comprises of a live
studio audience, games and prize giveaways (EllenTv, 2016a and Seba, 2013). Yet, the most
comparative finding of this study shown below in table one has found that the celebrity interviews are
the prime interrelation of these two shows’ subgenres (Tolson, 2001). This relates to Klaus
Krippendorff’s theory (2004) around content analysis which illustrates that the frequency and reliability
of two concepts demonstrates the power between the concepts illustrating the use of celebrity interviews
as the component that classifies both shows as talk shows (Krippendorff, 2004 cited in Krippendorff,
2013: p47).
The Ellen DeGeneres show focuses on the human side of a celebrity guest as Ellen probes the guest to
reveal more about themselves than they would generally anticipate in an interview (Ellen, 2016b and
Krippendorff, 2013). In opposition, Lorraine chats with guests such as Dermot O’Leary about the
upcoming X Factor final asking questions about issues, ideas and information on the show rather than
zooming into Dermot’s personal life (Lorraine, 2016d and Munson, 1993). Both the Lorraine and the
Ellen show interview their celebrity guests to promote a celebrity’s recent film, book or television
program set for release (Tolson, 2001).
Moreover, the Ellen show made an abundant use of competitions to heighten audience interactions as the
cheering, applause and high pitched responses are evidently over abundant giving a sense of surrealism
towards the audience prizes awarded (EllenTv, 2016f and Shattuc, 2014). It was apparent during the
, Student number: 21505969 Assessment 1: Researching Media and Culture
1950s there was a scandal around quiz talk shows as they were deemed to be fixed for their anecdotes
and their emotional reactions by guests and audiences (Moran, 2009). The overzealous use of prize
giveaways seems unlikely which poses the question as to whether the prize giveaways are real or not
(Seba, 2013). For example, Ellen gave away six hundred dollars’ worth of vouchers, a coffee machine
and a fit bit charger (EllenTv, 2016c). Whereas, the Lorraine show has the same weekly prize giveaway
for one lucky winner which encourages viewers to apply to win as they are likely to believe it is a valid
competition (Lorraine, 2016c and Tolson, 2001).
The games on the Ellen show are creative and innovative creating a real buzz for audiences in the studio
(Seba, 2013). The Lorraine show has no reference to any games on the show which shows the show is
separate to the Ellen show as it structured heavily around chat (Lorraine, 2016b and Shattuc, 2014).
Perhaps, the Lorraine show will possibly explore the use of games in the future as society and
technology move forward yet the show might lose viewing figures as people watch the Lorraine show as
they prefer the subgenre of chat and candid discussion (Tolson, 2001).
Table 1: Patterns and trends of six format features during seven episodes of each of the shows dated
between 05.12.16 – 13.12.16.
Lorraine and Ellen DeGeneres show format features
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
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Lorraine show The Ellen DeGeneres show
The Lorraine show features cookery and fashion whereas the Ellen shows does not feature these aspects
which shows their differences in subgenre (Tolson, 2001). This reinforces that the producers of Lorraine
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