100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary inorganic biochemistry per enzyme (NWI-MOL105) £7.19
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
  4.  
  5. Inorganic biochemistry (NWIMOL105)

Summary

Summary inorganic biochemistry per enzyme (NWI-MOL105)
 0 purchase
  • Module
  • Inorganic biochemistry (NWIMOL105)
  • Institution
  • Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)

Summary of all enzymes relevant to the course inorganic biochemistry. This information is not only important for this course, because knowledge of these enzymes can also be very useful for later (elective) courses in the curriculum.

Preview 3 out of 26  pages

Document information

  • May 2, 2022
  • 26
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • inorganic chemistry
  • inorganic biochemistry
  • metals
  • enzymes

Written for

  • Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
  • Molecular Life Sciences
  • Inorganic biochemistry (NWIMOL105)
All documents for this subject (3)

Seller

avatar-seller
lisaverhoeven80

Reviews received

Content preview

Enzymes in inorganic
biochemistry
Calmodulin
A lot of the Calcium in biology à hydroxyapatite: bone, tooth.
Ca2+ mainly outside cell ß Ca2+-ATPase (Na+/Ca2+ exchange)
Ca2+ high in ER/SR, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria ß SERCA
(sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATP-ase)
Ca2+ intracellular second messenger à binding to calmodulin
 large flexible (irregular) coordination sphere
 coordination to seven oxygen atoms: 5 from the amino acid side
chains (including a bidentate carboxylate), one from the peptide
backbone, and one of H2O
 fast exchange rates
 short lived strong signal à Ca2+ binding to calmodulin à EF-hand
conformation to activate kinases + activation of nitric oxide synthases
 nitric oxide: cellular messenger for widening of blood vessels
NADPH H + Arg + O2 à citrulline + H2O + NO


Jack bean urease
Catalyses:




Used by plants for urea recycling à ammonia for growth, obtained from animal urea (part of nitrogen
cycle)
Reaction speed up 3 x 1015
Two Ni ions in active site
 Lewis acid à acid base catalysis
 Polarize C=O bond to make C more susceptible to nucleophilic attack by OH
 Stabilizing formed C-O-
 Electron withdrawal from H2O à makes it more like hydronium ion à water
more easily dehydrated à stronger base à faster reaction
 NH2 proton donation (more like NH3/NH4) à better leaving group
 Brings reactants closer together

,Rubisco
Mg2+ enzyme à must important enzyme in nature
Mg2+
 smallest of all bulk biological elements
 Octahedral coordination geometry
 Coordinates to H2O
 Coordinated to ATP, DNA, RNA à counter ion for
charge stabilization
 Lewis acid in enzymes: stabilizes (formed) enols
and enolates ß electron withdrawal
 Less polarizing (electron withdrawing) than Zn 2+
Catalyses part of the carbon cycle
 Fixation of CO2 in Calvin cycle (photosynthesis dark reaction)
 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase




Oxygen + ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate  phosphoglycerate + 2-phosphoglycol

Carbonic anhydrase
Zn2+ enzyme
 Zn borderline
 High in Irving Williams
 Structural role: Zn fingers, biomineralization
 Catalytic role: acid base catalysis à lewis acid
 Neutral ligand coordination to Zn2+ promotes dissociation of one H from
coordinated water
 Zn carbonyl mechanism (increasing susceptibility for nucleophilic attack
by enol stabilization/carbonyl polarization)
 Zn hydroxide mechanism (activation water to OH as nucleophile)
Present in blood circulation system
à avoids formation of gas bubbles
 Facilitates reversable dissolution of CO2 as HCO3-

Catalyses reversibly:
CO2 + H2O à HCO3- + H+
 In lungs: diffusion of CO2 to the air + lower pH à reaction balance shifts to left side
 In tissues à respiration à CO2 formation à reaction balance shifts to the right side

, Supplies CO2 to photosynthetic organisms to compensate for poor rubisco efficiency
Alpha CA: animals, Beta CA: plants, Gamma CA: bacteria à unrelated but Zn
Cd variant in marine phytoplankton




via

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lisaverhoeven80. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £7.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67157 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling
£7.19
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added