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Unit 6 A3 Learning aim C+D: Undertake the project, collecting, analysing and presenting the results & Learning aim D: Review the investigative project using correct scientific principles - Chromatography£16.99
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Unit 6 A3 Learning aim C+D: Undertake the project, collecting, analysing and presenting the results & Learning aim D: Review the investigative project using correct scientific principles - Chromatography
A study on investigating the difference
between cheap and expensive pens
using paper chromatography
The lab report:
Hypothesis: Why does expensive black felt tip pens shown more colours than cheap black felt tips
pens which shown less colours?
Aims: Aim to differentiate the colours between the cheaper brands and the expensive brands of black
felt-tip pens. Aim to measure the Rf values of the expensive brand felt tip pen and the cheap felt-tip
pens using equipment’s like a ruler and pen to mark the spots that were produced.
Independent: The different types of pen inks, acetone, and filter/chromatography paper.
Dependent: The colours produced and the Rf values.
Control: The solvent to see exactly how each felt tip pen reacts differently from one another, the
volume of the solvent this is to avoid having uncertainty, same number of dots, timings (timing how
long each colour goes up till end of the 1-hour session), & temperature.
Overview: The experiment involves three stages
- Make dots using the expensive & inexpensive pen
- Set up a paper chromatography run
- Attempt to identify the separate pigments
Introduction:
Chromatography is a technique which can be widely used for different experiments and its simple, but
advanced techniques which are used in everyday life. Chromatography is the separating of the
mixtures by passing it in solutions through a medium at which different components of the inks move
at different rates and see what colour have been produced and this can be calculated to find the mean
average to determine the colours produced. The experiment investigated that expensive pen shown
more colours than cheap pens. And why do companies portray different pens to better quality than
others it due to marketing & the pharmaceutical sales that do this to gain benefit from schools and
colleges. The reason for this chosen project is due to understanding the ways chromatography is used
within the pharmacy industry, since an interest in studying pharmacy at university. Chromatography
is utilised in many ways like preparing the large quantities of pure materials to analyse the purified
compounds for the trace contaminants example method development & the validation of drugs, drug
discovery & the drug development, the drug impurities analysis. For instance, like liquid
chromatography is useful in that for the analytical tool in making sure that the components of the
drugs formulation are established & discovering if there are any impurities & quantifying the drug
formulation. It can be a very vital skill to be expert in chromatography to knowing the things have that
pharmaceutical companies do mention that the drugs are safely disturbed. That’s why chosen by doing
the ink test for both expensive and cheap black-felt tip pens and see the differences there are and the
,Unit 6: Investigative Project assignme
ones that should be recommended to be bought. Also, there are some forensic scientists that use these
techniques to solve crime by matching the letters or evidence from a stain from the crime scene to see
what pen belongs to the suspect.
Moreover, this can also help in analysing the unknown ink and comparing it the utensils that are taken
from the suspects. Since, the human brains presume that the felt-tip pens have one colour its
fascinating to see the unique colours that each felt-tip pen produces and how its helped to make other
products that tend to use in the human lives and to see if a brand is either expensive or cheap. Also,
the black felt-tip pens brands, use different combinations of pigments in the black felt-tip pens. Are
these colours easy to make and where do it come from. This is fascinating, so if given an expensive
pen, its good to differentiate to see the different colours produced to cheap black felt-tip pens that tend
to the pen would last longer & produce better looking quality of work. The chromatography
procedures done can be very applicable in many science experiments, which could be done in many
units done last year like unit 2 practical scientific procedures and techniques. A greater depth of
understanding of knowing about that chromatography is applicable in some many amazing science
projects. On the internet there aren’t enough resources that have done this type of experiment, so it
would be great to do something different than using fountain pens and the type of solvent that will be
used for this experiment. The fact that doing this chromatography its helpful in doing precise
separation which is brilliant for longer pharmaceutical industries to see what things they look for
when extracting drugs. The fact that it uses very low samples is essential for saving money & want to
discover if the solvents used tend to show the massive differentiation there are with the expensive and
cheap black felt-tip pens within terms of the colours that had been used. The fact that chromatography
is applicable for numerous applications in chemical fields, which is biochemistry can be used for
separating of chemical compounds of biological origin. If given the opportunity is where the colours
come from and how each colour is extracted and if there are a lot of labour used to make these pens.
Also, why do many colours are needed to make the black colour of the black-felt tip pens.
Chromatography method:
1. Use the chromatography paper and cut in rectangular shape using the scissor, that
would fit into the 600 ml3 beakers from the bottom and edges (1st experiment filter
paper and 2nd chromatography paper).
2. Draw a line using a pencil and a ruler by 3 cm up from the bottom of each paper (to
avoid spot from going in the solution).
3. Label the defined spots using the pencil on the lines of each paper; paper 1 (expensive
felt-tip pen) and paper 2 (cheap felt-tip pen). This is where would place spots of the
soluble felt-tip pens.
4. Label another line at the top of each paper within 1 cm, where allow the solvent to
travel up the papers before removing it from the solvent.
5. Mark 3 spots on each paper using the chosen felt-tip pens for each chromatography
paper. The spots can be average (not to small or big). But the size must be identical on
both papers & 1 cm spaced out between them (concentration of the spots).
6. Put a paper clip at the top of each chromatography paper. And use the glass rods to
help to hook the paper inside each beaker. To allow the papers would stay still and
straight during the chromatography process. And making sure that the bottom of the
paper is touching the water, but not touching the mobile phase.
7. Remove the papers now and start the solution and keep the temperatures the same.
8. Measure 30 ml of distilled (1st experiment) and 100 ml (2nd experiment) water using a
50ml measuring cylinder.
9. Pour the measured distilled water into the labelled beakers and mix.
10. Measure 20 ml of acetone (1st experiment) and 50 ml of acetone (2nd experiment) using
another 50 ml measuring cylinder.
, Unit 6: Investigative Project assignme
11. Pour the measured acetone carefully into the same beaker and mix (with the distilled
water). Keep measuring cylinders near (label them to avoid inaccuracies).
12. Repeat the steps for the 2nd beaker.
13. Make sure to put them at the papers at the same time and cover the top of both beakers
with aluminium foil sheets (avoid pushing the filter papers down).
14. Just when the solvent has reached the line at the top of each paper, then remove the
papers from the beakers.
15. Mark the different pigments or dyes if observed on each paper, using a pencil (label
their colours if shown on the paper) & the solvent line draw a line for it.
16. Calculate and record the Rf values for each colour spot of the pigments shown on each
paper and write down the colours.
17. Record the results on a suitable table.
Equipment:
1. 2x 600ml beaker
2. 2x filter/chromatography paper big enough to fit in the beaker
3. 2x glass rod
4. 2x paper clips
5. 30ml distilled water
6. 1st time 20ml3 acetone and 2nd time 50ml3 acetone
7. Ruler 20cm
8. Black felt tip pens as stated (Cheap: Berol Colour Fine Pen – Black & Essentials. Expensive:
Fine liner Pen – Black 3x till concentrated).
9. 4x measuring cylinders, glass 50ml
10. Scissors
11. Pencil
12. 2x Aluminium foil enough to cover beaker
Safety assessment: Don’t be near flames using acetone, empty it in the sink, avoid breaking glass if
do clean with dustpan. Wear gloves, eyeglasses, and lab coat for protection from the acetone. Make
sure to mop the solution if spilled.
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