20201461
Unit 21 key assessment 1+2
P1: Explain what MRI is, what type of radiation it uses and how
an image is produced
MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces three-dimensional images of
the human body. It is used to diagnose and track a variety of disorders. It's based on
cutting-edge technology that excites and detects changes in the rotational axis of
protons in biological tissues' water. Non-ionising radiation is defined as radiation that
does not have enough energy to completely remove an electron from an atom or
molecule. In comparison to ionising radiation, nonionizing radiation has a lower
energy level. Instead of removing electrons from atoms or molecules of materials
such as water, biological tissue, and air, non-ionizing radiation does not ionise them.
We employ the features of hydrogen in MRI to get pictures of magnetism inside our
patients, which manifests as electromagnetic waves. MRI scans provide axial,
transverse, and coronal images. Because hydrogen has a large number of protons
and is plentiful in the human body, it is our primary focus. Electromagnetic force is
created when hydrogen atoms spin and acquire a spinning charge. Flowing north-
south, like small magnets, is the magnetic flux. The energy levels of spinning up
(lower) and spinning down (higher) in hydrogen are diametrically opposed. Once the
individual is put in the magnetic field of the MRI equipment, it is possible to
demonstrate both the exponential synchronization of all magnetic forces in the
hydrogen atoms and their bordered alignment. This alignment is referred to as a net
magnetic vector. Our ability to quantify hydrogen is influenced by several biological
processes. Hepatic, cerebral, and bone marrow tissue all contain different amounts
of hydrogen.
Explain what an ultrasound is, what type of radiation it uses and
how an image is produced
An ultrasound scan, often known as a sonogram, is a procedure that uses high-
frequency sound waves to create an image of a region of the inside of the body. An
, ultrasound scan can be used to track a baby's development in the pregnancy,
identify a disease, or advise a surgeon during surgery. Non-ionising radiation is
defined as radiation that does not have enough energy to completely remove an
electron from an atom or molecule.
The term "ultrasound waves" refers to high-frequency sound waves. They are useful
in medical diagnostics. A potential difference is applied to the piezoelectric crystal.
The crystal expands and shrinks in response to the applied voltage. When an
alternating current is sent through the crystal, it vibrates, creating high-frequency
ultrasonic waves. When the ultrasonic pulse reaches a limit, part of it is reflected and
some of it remains.
Multiple reflections may be used to determine the distance between two (or more)
boundaries, therefore constructing a picture.
P2: Give 4 examples of how MRI and Ultrasound are used for
diagnosis in human body:
MRI
Cardiac (Heart):
A variety of cardiac structures and functions, as well as the pericardium and their
surrounding tissues, may be studied using MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
Additionally, it may help in the detection of a variety of cardiovascular disorders,
such as tumours, infections, and inflammatory diseases. MRI may be utilised to
assess whether or not the heart muscle has been impacted by coronary artery
disease during a heart attack in any way, including scarring and reduced blood flow.
Musculoskeletal:
When it comes to diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis, meniscal
tears, ruptured ligaments and tendons, or rotator cuff and ligamentum tears, as well
as injuries caused by repetitive motion, vibration, or forceful impact on the spine and
the extremities, an MRI can be helpful. It can also detect tumours in soft tissues
around the joints and extremities, as well as swelling or bleeding in these areas.
