Summary

Summary of the Cognitive Approach (PY1 - Approaches in Psychology)

0 purchase

Module
PY1 - Approaches in Psychology

Institution
WJEC

A summary of all the information needed to answer questions on the cognitive approach for the unit 1 exam of WJEC AS Level Psychology. Includes: - Assumptions (the computer analogy, internal mental process, schemas) - Application to relationships - Therapy and Evaluation - Key Study (Eyewitness acc...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 5 pages

View example

Uploaded on June 10, 2022
Number of pages 5
Written in 2019/2020
Type Summary

£5.19

Also available in package deal from £9.89

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Also available in package deal (1)

The 5 Approaches in Psychology

£ 25.95 £ 9.89

1x sold

5 items

1. Summary - Summary of the biological approach (py1 - approaches in psychology)
2. Summary - Summary of the psychodynamic approach (py1 - approaches in psychology)
3. Summary - Summary of the behaviourist approach (py1 - approaches in psychology)
4. Summary - Summary of the cognitive approach (py1 - approaches in psychology)
5. Summary - Summary of the positive approach (py1 - approaches in psychology)
Show more

Cognitive
Assumptions
 The Computer Analogy
o Compares the human brain to a computer
o Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

 Internal Mental Process
o Humans are basically information processors
o Essential cognitive processes work together enabling us to make sense of and
respond to the world around us
 We only know a dog is a dog because we see its features and piece together
the clues
 To name it we must also use our knowledge of language
o Introspection was used by Wundt (1879) where him asked people to tell him what
they were thinking
 Schemas
o Schemas are organised packets of information that are built up through experience
and are kept in our long-term memories
o Schemas do not necessarily represent society as they are often built via social
exchanges
 The suggestion that thieves wear black and white striped tops with
balaclavas
o Research by Allport and Postman (1947) shows that people apply stereotypes when
recalling pictures/events

Application to Relationships
 Schemas – Dion et al (1972) showed if people seen to be are physically attractive other
people will think they have good qualities
 Internal mental processes –
o Based on your first impression of someone you will decide if you want to see them
again
 Positive past experiences will cause a relationship to form whereas negative
experiences will discourage relationships

,  Matching hypothesis – we choose people based on their attractiveness and if we think we
match this

Therapy – Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
 The role of the therapist is to change the client’s perceptions of the world around them
 Schemas influence how we see the world around us
o Depressed people develop negative schemas about 3 things: themselves, the world
around them and their futures
 Dysfunctional Thought Diary
o Clients are asked to record events leading up to unpleasant emotions
 They should then rank how much they believe these thoughts
 They should then write a rational response to these and rank their
beliefs for this again
 Cognitive Restructuring
o The client and therapist work together to change the negative thinking pattern
 Know as ‘therapy during therapy’
o Clients are taught to challenge dysfunctional thoughts and replace them with
constructive ones
 Pleasant activity scheduling
o Clients are asked to plan one pleasant activity a day they will engage in to give a
sense of accomplishment or a break from the norm
o Should induce positive emotions

Evaluation of Therapy
 Effectiveness
o Research support
 CBT is not inferior to all anti-depressants
 Jarrett et al (1999) found CBT was as effective as some anti-depressants
when treating 108 patients with depression over a 10-week period
 Hollon et al (1992) found no difference when comparing CBT with different
anti-depressants in a sample of 107 over a 10-week period
o Therapist competence
 The skills of the therapist can affect the effectiveness of CBT (ability to
structure sessions and reviewing homework/assignments)
 Kuyken and Tsivrikos (2009) claim the outcomes can vary by up to 15%
o Individual differences
 Some people are more suited to CBT
 Seems to be less suited for those with high levels of irrational beliefs
o Simons et al (1995) found that CBT is less suitable for those
with high levels of stress
o Empowerment
 Therapist should be empowering (encouraging participants to develop
coping strategies)
 Recognise that people have free will
 Most widely used therapy in the NHS

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller gabriellalockwood. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Seller

Summary ·