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A-level Edexcel History Paper 3 Ireland and the Union c.1 Irish nationalism: from agitation to civil war Summary notes £4.99   Add to cart

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A-level Edexcel History Paper 3 Ireland and the Union c.1 Irish nationalism: from agitation to civil war Summary notes

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Condensed, easy to understand, evaluative notes for Chapter 1 Irish nationalism: from agitation to civil war

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  • Chapter 1 irish nationalism: from agitation to civil war
  • June 18, 2022
  • 15
  • 2021/2022
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lilylogan101
3.1 IRISH NATIONALISM
How effective was Irish Agitation before 1780?
Context 
Late 1700s – growing nationalist movement regarding American
republicanism and greater self-government
 Demands:
o Moderate – greater rights for the established Irish parliament (IP)
o Radical – home rule
o Self-gov over domestic affairs
o Complete autonomy – became more assertive in the 19 th and
20th centuries
o Divided the population
 Protestant and British influence concentrated in the north –loyalist
backlash to nationalism
 Independence 1921 not a smooth transition of power – civil war and
country was partitioned (south independent, north under British
control)
Irish Context
Volunteer  American Revolution (1775-83)
s (1778- o US under British control
1783) o Distance promoted distinct American identity, encouraging
autonomy  war in 1775
o Declaration of independence (Jefferson 1776) – demanded
greater American political rights, promoted republican ideas and
questioned the right of King George III’s rule
o Persuasiveness inspired a rebellion against the king  7-year
war with Britain in which America gained independence
o Raised prospect of greater Irish political rights  republicanism
filtered into the country
o Growth of more thoughtful, forceful nationalist perspective
o Saw militarisation of Ireland as many Protestants sought to
defend Ireland’s borders whilst Britain was fighting
 Protestant Ascendancy
o Orange’s victory  Penal Laws (1691-) – discriminatory laws
against Catholics restricted political rights, favoured Protestant
businesses and promoted Protestantism
o Ireland controlled by British gov, decisions agreed by lord
lieutenant
o Irish affairs in British and Protestant interests

Aims
 Grattan demanded Ireland be granted its own status as an
independent nation under the same crown as Britain
 End the Declaratory Act
 Political freedom

Description
 Loyal-spirited Protestants in Belfast
 Volunteer units of militia sought to defend Ireland in 1778 against a
potential French or Spanish attack – initially loyal to Britain, seeking
to defend its borders
 1782 – 60,000+ well-trained militia ready to fight
 Demonstrated patriotic sentiment by starting to challenge British
authority

, 3.1 IRISH NATIONALISM
 Proposals blocked by patronage in parliament which secured British
majorities


Methods
 Uniform – symbolised importance and loyalty
 Regularly paraded, undertook military drills preparing for potential
invasion

Significant events/consequences
 Absence of attack  debating societies, discussing politics and other
issues
 By 1780, British right to legislate for Ireland declined due to
American war and well-organised and armed militia to support Irish
demands
 Constitution of 1782 repealed the 1720 Act (gave Britain the right to
legislate for Ireland), reduced Ireland to a right of veto and marked
growing demand for Catholic rights
 Mutiny Act – Irish judges irremovable except by parliamentary action
 Convention in 1783 addressed the issue of the lord lieutenant
o Flood’s powerful oratorical style demanded attention and his
desire for a more representative parliament was taken up in
parliament
o Parliament refused their plans, and unwilling to use force, they
went home
 A third convention attempted in 1784, but only drew a handful of
delegates and attracted little public interest

Effectiveness
 Ireland technically became an independent nation, sharing a
monarch with Britain
 Secured greater legal and political influence for Irishmen
 Complacent with their changes, no desire for further reform
 Irish gov still under the control of the lord lieutenant
 Gradually diminished after 1783
United Context
Irishmen  French Revolution (1789-99)
(1791- o Shook IV placidity – promoted republican values in a violent and
1798) public manner, sending shockwaves through Ireland
o Initially conservative reaction, then sympathy from radical
youngers who became disillusioned by British dominance –
growing radicalism that demanded greater political autonomy
o PA only achieved by uniting Catholic and Protestant radicals to
challenge conservatism that governed Ireland
o View promoted by Wolfe Tone
 Advocated reformation of IP that was elected by Irishmen
without the influence of the British monarch
 Pamphlet ‘An argument on behalf of the Catholics in Ireland’
(1791) saw clubs dedicated to the political agenda that
emerged amongst liberals
 UI founded in Belfast, quickly spreading to Dublin, aiming to
reshape public opinion
 Religion

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