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Summary MARX & LIBERATION THEOLOGY NOTES AND EVALUATION £4.49   Add to cart

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Summary MARX & LIBERATION THEOLOGY NOTES AND EVALUATION

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In-depth, critical and evaluative A01 + A02 notes for the topic Liberation Theology for the Developments in Christian Thought unit for OCR Religious Studies.

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  • Liberation theology
  • June 23, 2022
  • 6
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary
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LIBERATION THEOLOGY
MARX ON ALIENTATION AND EXPLOITATION
 Fundamental evils of Capitalism: Alienation, dehumanisation, and
exploitation
 Historical materialism: Based off Hegelian thought. When humans
and the material world are out of harmony, the system has
corrupted, and we are over-exerting ourselves. It’s process can be
compared to a potato slowly rotting from the inside.
 Alienation: the worker is unable to put creativity nor autonomy over
the work he creates. Example: sweatshop workers unable to buy the
product they make themselves.
 Praxis (Aspect of Hyperbolic doubt utilised here)
i) Analyse situation
ii) Identify the injustice
iii) Identify the causes
iv) Commence action against it
 Religion and False Consciousness: With religion, revolution can
never happen. We are put into a “false consciousness”, where we
are almost delusional to the situation we are in and keeps us away
from rebellion.
 “Religion is the opium of the people” and “the sigh of the oppressed
creature” and agrees with Feuerbach that God is simply a projection
of good human virtues.
LIBERATION THEOLOGY KEY BELIEFS
 Focus is on solidarity with the poor and sees Christianity as
a way to respond to it.
 Kingdom of God is on Earth and must be worked on there.
 Liberation theologians believe that the Church should be involved in
the material conditions of society and should start “bottoms-up”
than simply legislating and teaching upon the poor.
 With historical materialism, it can be said that reversal affirms the
notion that “the meek, shall inherit the earth” Psalms 37:11
 Politics and spirituality should not be separate, so against Western
notion of separating the Church and State
LIBERATION THEOLOGY’S CRITICISM OF CAPITALISM (MIRANDA)
 Bases his criticism on the Marxist notion that private property is
unjust, because it creates in the mind of the owner that
people who live on the land are objects
 The Bible states a similar idea, and this radical idea has been
forgotten due to years of western theology:
i) Human nature: Capitalism is because of the Original Sin

, ii) Idolatry: Ownership goes against Ten Commandments, and its
abandonment has allowed for a rejection of God’s plan.
CONTEXT IN LATIN AMERICA
 USA was scared of Communism and the “pink tide” movement
during the 1960s and 1970s
 LT was almost an attack on both affluent society and US
Imperialism, the privatisation of morality
 Most recent Martyr, Oscar Romero: Salvadorian priest who criticised
the US for giving military aid during the Civil War. Was assassinated
during Mass and was beatified in 2015.


GUIETTERIEZ
 Jesus is the truth, but Marxism is a tool to fight against
structural sin. Christians must be political. (Archbishop Welby)
(Pinker and Humanitarian Principle)
 Structural sin: Accepting the oppression in the system as it is
 Conscientisation: becoming aware of structural sin; class
consciousness
 Firstly people should be liberated from poverty and oppression, and
then they can be liberated from personal sin (Original Sin)
 Catholic Church implicitly endorses Capitalist doctrine
SEGUNDO
 Should not stand neutral and all Christians should take on a political
role
 Believes personal sin should be addressed before structural
sin because it may not be possible to solve the socio-economic
issues in the world in our own lifetime.
THE CHURCH AND LA IGLESIA POPULAR
 Integral liberation: the Church must promote liberation within the
institution
 Should not ignore the rusty swords in the Church as an
institution- Bonhoeffer
 Iglesia Popular: Controversial idea that ordinary people should be
involved in the workings of the Church, making it a community of
love and solidarity. Implicitly suggested that the Church was no
more than the extension of the State.
PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT FOR THE POOR
 Term first used by Father Pedro Arrupe, Superior General of the
Jesuits (Jesuits sign themselves up to evangelical mission, even in
extreme conditions of poverty and injustice-true solidarity)

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