Unit 8 Assignment A
Musculoskeletal system
Purpose of skeleton
The skeleton is the body's core structure which is created by bones, joints,
ligaments, and cartilage. There are 206 diverse kinds of bones in the adult
human skeleton, and each bone provides stability and protection and
facilitates movement.
The ligaments are bands of connective tissue, thick and fibrous, which are
essential to the joint function. Cartilage is more resilient than bone but stiffer
they are than muscle. It allows the nose and larynx to provide shape. It is also
present between the vertebrae and bones such as the femur at the ends of
the bones. The skeleton includes the muscular structure that provides the
body with its human skeletal body form.
The principal function of the skeletal system is to provide the body with energy
and protection. The spinal column, for example, supports the head and torso
with protection.
In the other side, when an individual is standing, the legs also have a vital
function in supporting and balancing the weight of the upper body.
And since it is covered by bones that form part of the skull, the skeleton has a
major effect on keeping the brain protective and protected from any attacks.
five main functions for the
skeleton
I. Attachment of muscles – The skeleton's bones supply surfaces for
muscle attachment. The bone (or often other muscles or tissues) is
connected to the skeletal muscle at two or three points. Therefore,
bones also have odd shapes and provide bony points and grooves that
have points of attachment. The attachment is considered an origin if the
position is a bone that is still immobile for operation. The position is
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called injection if the location is on the bone that moves through the
operation.
II. Support and protection – The skeleton provide the body with
protection which holds the inner organs in their proper location. The
cranium defends the brain, lungs, and the heart are protected by the
ribs, the spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae and the pelvis protects
sensitive sexual organs, for example. It also, by covering them with
bone, protects the inner organs from damage. The strength is due to the
shape and balance of strength and flexibility of a material called
collagen, which allows the skeleton the power and energy to withstand
the force of blows without fracturing the bone.
III. Movement – This helps the skeleton bound together by ligaments and
tendons to move the body as a whole and its individual parts and is vital
for the human body since the joints are held together like other bone
types and the human skeleton can be moved very quickly and
effortlessly. They tug on the bones of the skeleton as muscles contract
to create motion or keep the bones in a comfortable posture.
IV. Storage of minerals – The bones which are made up of minerals that
act as a store for calcium and phosphorous minerals, which can be
given up if the body needs the minerals for other functions and gives the
bone firmness. Additionally, in part of the bone marrow, adipose fat
tissue that can be used as energy can be contained.
V. Production of blood cells – The bone marrow, the spongy tissue
within the bones, contains bigger bones. Two primary forms of marrow
are available, red, and yellow. The development of all the red blood
cells of the body and much of its white blood cells is done by the red
marrow. At an average rate of 200 million a day, red blood cells are
made. These cells transport the tissues of the body with life-sustaining
oxygen.
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Types of bones
__ The human skeleton has many features, such as weight security and
weight support. It has also bought many kinds of bones that, due to their basic
purpose and structure, have varying shapes and forms. In the skeleton, there
are five bone types: smooth, long, small, irregular, and sesamoid.
In the tables below it shows some examples of each type of bone, pictures,
their function, and their structure:
Type of bone Example Picture Function and Structure
Long bone _Femur Attached __ Supporting the body's weight
_Tibia below and ease of movement.
_Fibula __ forms Limbs
_Ulna __ Longer than a wide one, In
_Radius the skeleton of the appendicula.
_humerus __ Cylindrical in structure and
discovered in the limbs.
__ There are often compacted
bones with no marrow and other
bones in the limbs are included.
__ The appearance, much
longer than broad, is the central
part of the bone, while the
epiphyses are the ends of the
long bones.
Short bone _Carpals Attached _supply stability to the wrist and
_Tarsals below ankle joints.
_Calcaneus _Form limbs
_Talus _ Also help ease some
_ Wrist movements.
_ ankle _Located in the wrist and ankle
_Tarsus joints.
_Carpus _ Small, thin, and compact, often
equal in length and width.
_Short Bones are shaped like
Cube.
_ They are formed by spongy
tissue.
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Flat bone _Skull Attached _Flat Bones Protect Internal
_Occipital below Organs such as brain, heart, and
_Thoracic pelvic organs.
cage _Sandwich of hard bones with
_Pelvis spongy layer between some
_ Sternum form protection of organs, some
_Scapula supplies a large area for, muscle
_Coccyx attachment.
Flat bones are flattened.
_ Usually bones that are thin
and curved.
_ Consist of two outer parallel
layers of compact bone and an
inner layer of spongy bone.
Irregular _ vertebrae Attached _protection and shape
_ ilium below _Do not fit in any other category.
bone _pubis _ protect the spinal cord
_ischium _protect organs in the pelvic
_ spine cavity.
_ Ethmoid _Irregular Bones Have Complex
_Sphenoid Shapes.
_Pelvis _Bones of the face are irregular
with air spaces, so they are
lightweight.
Sesamoid _patella Attached __ Tendons Strengthen
_ hands below Sesamoid Bones.
bone _feet __ Protect tendons from tension,
_knees wear, and tear and where a joint
_Kneecap is used to relieve pain.
__ Connecting muscle with
bone.
__ Tendon has the purpose of
removing it from the joint,
thereby allowing the muscle to
travel.
__ Tiny bones and circular form
inside lots of strain regions of
tendons.
__ Within a tendon and bones
surrounded by tendons, they
shape.
