~
_
rorneb·rnet f-f, bondr
j «) A rapid unspecific response 16 o POthoqrn in11nrion
I .
co~nqc tratc medt Cf Sf.TA GLOCOI£ c 1 ca11o 1r .. ~4nt
hesired • dtpoftI rd ~"<ten crfl wall +reu membrane+ Ql!O "d
now urtd _to rn~fy J
~ j
nomm att«htd with 1-'H,l'{(OflDI th<= plarmod csrna1o, Pm-tntinq Silttad er pathogen ro adjacent w1r
ttll wa
:~ , ~orroinq Hl:.UCAL s11<ucrw2E'.5 0 ~
Furtner th.ickrf\inq • dtPOSltlont Uq(l/n f tffcctMnrrr CJ! tti• MONOC1 ""'RL l!(lthoqcn ic or9nr11 1m1
1np1ont1•an;mo l!
c:ti-cnntheninl 01 ·er '-U~
(D. LOtr
,gbo~~ :n~tt
ANT/BODIES P,,111 wildOni,nCllS
~
rcJditlonQII oth
J
with
1 ri J ~
'
,cnon1c01 b<1rn
Bloct1 IO( pi(lltl ,o t
.
he
{Uffllttd in th~ l OntibOd JCJ rnadt
I' ~ '°d)fltrDI
bq Cfllt the immune
~nrmpCotl
\om• mol«wcr _,. t ~ tm , \tO.Linq Off th"n~(l( d ,drn~Fitd using a mic roscopt
tlj
S4Sttn, thQI rt(Oql'l.isr a SP(Cifi( TU8{RtlJtDSIS ~~o.ni, nQIJ~C )UldOII
fl0f'll..:.%:Jdi~a,~ pa ~I\ •~vtnti nq spttad .-ia IrDusediSrnt"
bq 1'4-boriS
~ ~f,\a"'~
1n
: : dt'
,g~C\Jlt
Qntiqrn f\Md10111 t¥>_!0l'I
~
~
\ .J
art rte-, '~ml)tan<'. thi• tran1i:,ort \(l!ICl"II '
•
whrn Qn OUtbrtOk. OCCUl'l
( tile ke4 to_rucc~f~UI COntrol ri,armr::,~:J":S~m so , 4Jt'4i
J ,nc~~~~~~~I~
• CUtt = 1dtntif4111
Or t ht bodi, ir 1<11 ob1.t to
s• t(ICa$<d
~~~1~4::s+dwat
fr°"" r1
- .- ~ ld{nt•FQ1nn P®toqcn1 in'IOlvtdq 1--1
1
-·.
1t1'n1C1ll1n·
R~1istont l'i!\htc,ef01-llO" diltOl tl~~R JN6i OJ
liftkdJPGfcdOtl,ll
~~'-:J~
( Mtll..A f"I ~•· t aubmJiff
~~~...__~,~~ S Aurttu cf tttl wolf ofttC.tJ ~
I~ "''"°'
boct~na1 cell ~Q I dorm tht cr11 f"'U. l - ' · 11, 11 t®hq(1ocoetllS .~ t,atttriO tfQCt to l1-t1uurru_ttcd
~ ·
tht b,takdorll' P DNA SEr~ c1w=- ~ th direct Colllll
KOl--lt'IER tht~ ott still 1,1
olnt fO' Y1ru ,
Otf tf(Oqnl~O \J
,_ ' " ' " ' g,am P°"'~ - • ,.,.,,. " ti
5llttotOCoc
• • •
.,~
ldQ1110qt1
"°'" (t(lllt!,
• t, ,_ \
4;~:s~r 1 ,,,,, • . , ~ "'"' • " " "" TE("NO
. ipa~hoqcns cqn be
•
Jiundn \M \ / blUr under t/lr t,qht m,crosc~ c
G-RRM ...,.., / -cllaln t\Jbto•fruit
°:unq(ll 4 Ugrtifitd ctll
'lwallr
Q\~~ouC1tUI toatt<IC~
PLA Nl ,drnbf(td Pttci1r1q dorm
to a s1nq1c tnutiiton
U()ht microstoPt
l f .(oli ST"AINJNG- CIOSSificd by their Stlfptob0Cil4 J
,,, SO!fihqr()COCC'
.
Ph\\tiCOI ~men: _ J l don't hO.vf qn ·,rnrnurit chain
rtll walls
~~" " ""'
' nt do use
. ...., \
11'/, .l; .' .f,i~%' ' r caustd
Infttboo s diSeoscs '-, - r •"''"'I'"' ~ I
""' "'""" ~.. ')l'J•'.11, I r tC~,\~
rntosu,w corof<luni . d • b~ inFrcti ~ -
Sha f · l
"'lo ,.,JI ha•...
( 1 • •• p ~1~5 ~UI
DI SER ES:,
•
~
qro~ p1antu pine tts,n from pine in<\ ,--_ Odll'oO(bic 6phntol
tret1 art. "ffCCli-' INIECr Rl:.PELl£NTS Otfensinf•P'orr1n1 tron~ftrr .tnSfrom\NGHTION ljSm!CI'½ _
l_ i\ 'IR,i r"""
Spir«I\Ot lt
. foundinsi<d1th<H po.th0<.1 C? I \" 1s·[(\ V V C"()rk$Crt!"° .
tcJll1< to disrupt t,actcnai ~cl me rnou.,h to the .:) 4· ·
. Co.fffJOP, m,nt• c,noamon on:
insects r o,I t,ran1 rur,qal mcmbtn
R.lCll'IProduw:lblfc~;d~u.db\lca1rava .
l'()nds
,,.,
(
1 ,.
•
~ d1itet lkin·IIM
-
fun<J0-1 inftc.tio11s affttl [UN r_l moonlq Q
W~ ·u J"-0-0:t
\ 0·0311m
- vibrio
comrna
Splril\um
Spi1111 1
· .
r .
~
l..li ••. - ••" non- uv1n9
+ h\ldroqen c4an,dc P 5c1ponrns ~f-<'und ,n
;~ •'.I'.,. .. • • · ( conlact 1ro~1 (f p1Qm,-w111c11stopr \. r
lh!m pnoto1~n thUisi119 problem
lJ •
,n plOnts but DNA or
/
il)fro:iouroqrnti ,...-- nvode living Ctll!t (h(I'
o.rt iethoJ Qvcrc.rowded Ur1n I p1a~r c,11 me"'tll2 qint) '50 timrr 1ma11rr Qrnwc motrnol tow_ ovrr thr
cfJ~1rl~:i:[c:~
..d,snlPI
~
f ~ 0 1•
P"11lu~ miU16"•_:; arsocouie humond•sra111 RNA surmunded
'- \)\R tC1 CON 1~C1 1-4orm
0 Ptnt cin {OQ! l 0.11
SC:ftlttJCh\lQ arfn• _:__., viruW
~
1-.1orktnq conditlo~s \.I.\ thl!Jlh . ...,rn than boctrn" (l
y . ~'Ol)dq fl,ut(\l tranimittcd 11/~o sportl wheh CU_koryotic .. ur Ort pOthoqCJ' liC adaptaoons to t11/".?asr
~
(ullUtt 1nft11Jtructutf punctUlt~oung~,s~(I
,---J
nd , uon ~
1NOCULATION trutlt)()~arusms bQctcriCll"'bl,ng•lil5p0rtJ ,nrhni, ( mu1t,ccn u1ar 4cost =
"
, frn"' fatt< 1 ( Qlld dirtcl _ SPr<ac:f'!!!II!'
drstaocrr raprd/1 ~ \ sing1c-cc urd l some ate SACTERJOPHA6ES
ocio·tronon'li fO{t cl~II animal_, 1ittat_in \diarrt,eealdfrtnsc contact
S \actor t OT.I minimising - oPH'I ccdon P..ROTO(ffS"TA ·
r.,,.,g~oup <f M _OflJOtit orqanismJ
1
t-rointd c ntact(ndJ
hCClltn \<Q~ngho witnan,m
imt~/g' oli• bites th
1rabiC:S
tSIUn ... HIV/AIDS ' q~~lm~~/
errninatc • 0f \ 8LflCk SIG-ATO K/1 dt~~?~r caq1n~ !1ur
.J0 °
l in wide_ YllrJet~ Cf Fttdill!J mcttiod1
I
~ ln',C.m . -.J t f.ll"J- I.\ICCrttc rm4mtJ tlude Sinqi,-c,11,d orgnnismt•CtlllQrouptdint0ro1onit1
Chmqtt" cronqe t
PoornutritiOn
callrd
pro {t lOONOII! ,,~ ~~-
(
_ {t(
Yl
-- 11\f(Ctrb lnana
\ c
JIJ~cB~t' l!Qmcf,roon lMnq plonb' orrnall / , Qct
.rP1asm ad1urn
s and Ott
~
an,mo~t ausr disease POI P~thogcn
~
';.'.! .(··· "-::ll'= 1 · Plants l attactr• in 4ic1 d pn 5
. A;,om pru~r, - 1t11~1 ~ , diar~~c rirr dmroqs 1caw OrQSrti c SicKnITT rtn an ,.,T~OGE NS DA~ '{ AG-E HO T
water • • I FQHITES ttJming thtm blO(~ ;._;
gmO(biC Stecp;r,g
lnStct V\'.Ctor TISSUE. Dll?ECTL
m un, s4stt"ffi
1 Poor wa1tr dispoml
'l ,1rcrOR
H. S ...,_, • _,I \ inonimo
. l< ta
~
dqscntrry LG- . ,,,_I \
Jr\ MALAR IA
~~~J
lllOJQjc
DROPlET INFE(TIQN Ob ' soc~, /fn P,~lococcu,
doq1, batr, \.. ltronsmit flllm ~ IOSmodiurn bnl,_T08A'',..,, .. uard,~ , Ortr tfll rnu ' • to._t ·m .
\'-U r-,OSAIC /
t 1hort to nncmitr , \Ql.iva •mu(UJ lid btdd1nq conntli t I frcftons • (rau1td lS . tt ,, \'. 1
~~~!,
c~i~owd..inq lil<tlihood
.. If. . ,fr~~cs _) o:peucd whtn 111 nq a-.t ./ VIRu_s 4 viro1 Qtnrtic ~~t~s. digert LMl19
. inrrcf~~~ tht bottr<f
mciiquifO(l coughin<l' rnminq
,~~~ ~ot~~~n :n,t~~~~~ combi?td 1
Of~~ ~ntrol numt,on i tt111tanet mt fltQJ 10.n1 pl~n:s•nf Wlto\xJ« o i~rci\~r~ ogN~ll • i! inS~~cd
Cl.i,;:~ croanqe - tr-ain• w:ifd irro1aria infl~i-i'\:.
o hrolt~if ~r:s~to ~rophr 1cs
d
a;.g~W~
~i~~~.
1
the nc1--1 vi Mt I burit out ~ ilh tnc ~4
ttum in~ be ir-f ccHd rnof qwft
lll!l t frtnllt throuq~ l=q~~1iJrur l th
ofO It t on 1t11, dtlhO\lin qit ::~!. r
Damp warm rond,tions 't sur.i~I • sptto.d Cf pal-hoqcr,r •'SPOttJ l P(llltd on to humonJ p1c11m«1c111101a viOnittct canto.ct
\Shlnts qroWlh th l\l~~UENZA-ir,r«tion
Whtn tl\OIQuiro raker blood I
':ilmc ~olicti o Olf rno11 wsccPtibtt tod.istnH ____ •
l
•.
- - -
~•
~ n;o
,
to Provide protein \:)(foot to.(linq cqqt
F t Cl\,Cltcd tpithcliCII ctJII intiu
PA1HOGENS PRODUCE TO~INS gw t~chctnqr 141-,em ( diqrrt • Ult me ctll
~ • •
~~~~~tJg)Sf~~~~~to
• I
I " • iAtccn enitnroc~\CJ \.ivtr, ticoin
,.; ro DAl-111 G[ HO IT mruES contcntl QI thcq ttproducJ
m~I~~gic \direct cont act Cf O htallhy plalll i \\no VQCC\n( t hmitcd CU~J rtHitH
~ r'"·
VECTORS - wind . I
~ utatcJ ttqu1artq LATE BLIG-HT
SOllCONTAHINATION pl \. A~ph" '' mo . ~om< rox 1rii'-' "\
'taUltd blja funqu1-~~c
, ·n
bllc;!ccqtrd pmnti lto-vt
ron,p01ting
procc11 hurpans \
; \ blQCI( s1qQ\tl1Ca Nith Qny part of! o cLiea1td plant -ring rdl,
water liHV Lro111ato/poratobliqht 1b1ock s,qatoka can be ~duct<! ~ 4wro,i
..,, .
damnqc nolt ti!lllU/
c•II' c:.,. .____, 1 d
1. ........ ,
producr
~
v n - , ,..; -
toxini
"'1
that
1 protowst
. J.
'" , mtJttf or . fOm.ites and • t• ',momi q 5toodinq wot<• ' ' u, -umi. ng owntne ceu ~ mbf~< po1 1oo or do1Y10(Jf hO lt c<II! l!Omt produ c.r nftttr potato+ tomato
ttPnidu t livt spo~s-1n tlit formi lllOrO Float,n wa . r Whttt thr4 bw.d t \
tllltinJ1-,oh1c1-t ccllr ttanim,tt . pion~
animal! . o<;1moo;r.i'3or lro1in1,b4-produc ~d blj sporr-Ukr
~ ii• inftcttn, n"t crap p,t1ctic': l..
t,anlpOl'lo:tion ,...,. . . sectr _ ~- ,nqctlvo :1ng tn~mir _ <fthtno m,o.l
functl()lli "9 ct
Off«tr thcno1t
4 tnuit diltO!! d~t ruduttJ 111 tht w,nd ~
- ~--- -·--- •1- .- -_ ontcr9rn ng with
h t'
r<~ bird1~1n _
-. ==- Ml• ra n•, i< lviM
,o
or I qencm mCltcrial rhc the bQetcrla
,ttct cont:Qct
\ d!1tro~1. lea11r1, tub!n
~ HUii