Exam (elaborations)
LAWS1075 Revision Notes
LAWS1075 Revision Notes
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
LAWS1075 – Contracts league Revision NotesLAWS1075 Revision Notes
Contents
Logic.................................................................................................................................................. 8
Express Terms – Identification (1)....................................................................................8
By Signature.............................................................................................................................. 8
I – THE EFFECT OF SIGNATURE...............................................................................8
L’Estrange v F Graucob Ltd [1934] 2 KB 394..........................................................8
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE SIGNATURE RULE....................................................9
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing [1951] 1 KB 805....................................10
Toll (FGCT) v Alphapharm (2004) 219 CLR 165...................................................11
III – CRITICISM OF THE RULE................................................................................. 13
By Notice................................................................................................................................... 13
I – TIMING............................................................................................................................ 14
Oceanic Sun Line Special Shipping Company v Fay (1988) 165 CLR 197. 14
II – KNOWLEDGE/NOTICE........................................................................................... 16
Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 QB 163..................................................17
III – UNUSUAL TERMS.................................................................................................. 19
Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (“The Mikhail Lermontov”) (1991) 22 NSWLR
1.............................................................................................................................................. 20
By Course of Dealing.......................................................................................................... 21
Rinaldi & Patroni v Precision Mouldings (1986) WAR 131...............................22
Balmain New Ferry v Robertson (1906) 4 CLR 379............................................23
Express Terms – Identification (2).................................................................................. 24
Parol Evidence Rule............................................................................................................ 24
I – DETERMINING WHETHER A CONTRACT IS WHOLLY WRITTEN. 24
State Rail Authority of NSW v Heath Outdoor (1986) 7 NSWLR 170..........25
II – EXCEPTIONS TO THE PAROL EVIDENCE RULE....................................27
Hoyt’s v Spencer (1919) 27 CLR 133........................................................................28
Saleh v Romanous [2010] NSWCA 274....................................................................29
III – PRE-CONTRACTUAL STATEMENTS.............................................................31
Equuscorp v Glengallan Investments (2004) 218 CLR 271..............................33
JJ Savage & Sons v Blakney (1970) 119 CLR 435................................................34
Oscar Chess v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370............................................................35
Dick Bentley Productions v Harold Smith (Motors) [1965] 2 All ER 65......36
P a g e 1 | 264
,LAWS1075 – Contracts league Revision Notes
Express Terms – Construction........................................................................................... 37
Principles of Construction............................................................................................... 37
Parol Evidence Rule............................................................................................................ 38
I – SURROUNDING CIRCUMSTANCES.................................................................38
Western Export Services v Jireh International [2011] HCA 45.......................39
Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251
CLR 640............................................................................................................................... 41
Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37
................................................................................................................................................. 41
II – APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES........................................................................44
Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust v South Sydney City Council
(2002) 240 CLR 45........................................................................................................... 44
Pacific Carriers v BNP Paribas (2004) 218 CLR 451..........................................46
Exemption Clauses............................................................................................................... 48
III – CONTRA PREFERENTUM.................................................................................. 48
Darlington Futures v Delco Aust (1986) 161 CLR 500.......................................48
IV – NEGLIGENCE............................................................................................................ 50
Davis v Pearce Parking Station (1954) 91 CLR 642............................................50
V – FOUR CORNERS........................................................................................................ 52
Thomas National Transport (Melbourne) Pty Ltd v May & Baker
(Australia) Pty Ltd (1966) 115 CLR 353..................................................................52
Implied Terms............................................................................................................................. 53
Implied In Fact....................................................................................................................... 54
Byrne v Australian Airlines; Frew v Australian Airlines (1995) 185 CLR
410......................................................................................................................................... 56
Codelfa Construction v State Rail Authority of NSW (1982) 149 CLR 33759
Implied In Law........................................................................................................................ 61
University of Western Australia v Gray (2009) 179 FCR 346..........................61
Implied From Custom......................................................................................................... 63
Con-Stan Industries of Aust v Norwich Winterthur Ins (Aust) (1986) 160
CLR 226............................................................................................................................... 63
Australian Consumer Law (ACL)...................................................................................... 64
Overview of ACL Provisions............................................................................................. 64
INTRODUCTION TO ACL.............................................................................................. 64
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL PROTECTIONS.............................................................65
Part 2 – 1: Misleading or Deceptive Conduct (ss 18-19)........................65
Part 2 – 2: Unconscionable Conduct (ss 20-22)...........................................65
P a g e 2 | 264
,LAWS1075 – Contracts league Revision Notes
Part 2 – 3: Unfair contract terms (ss 23-28)..................................................66
CHAPTER 3 – SPECIFIC PROTECTIONS..............................................................69
Part 3 – 1: Unfair practices (ss 29-38)..............................................................69
Part 3 – 2: Consumer Transactions (ss 51-68)..............................................69
CHAPTER 5 – ENFORCEMENT AND REMEDIES (ss 218-287)...............71
Standard Form Contracting............................................................................................ 73
I – INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 73
II – COSTS AND BENEFITS OF STANDARD FORM CONTRACTS..........73
III – THE ROLE OF COMPETITION.........................................................................74
IV – MARKET FAILURE AND SOCIAL FORCES................................................75
Frustration................................................................................................................................... 76
Introduction to Frustration............................................................................................ 76
I – THE TEST FOR FRUSTRATION.......................................................................... 76
II – OTHER TESTS PROVIDED IN EARLIER THEORIES.............................77
Taylor v Caldwell [1863] EWHC QB J1.....................................................................77
Krell v Henry [1903] 2 KB 740.................................................................................... 79
Brisbane City Council v Group Projects (1979) 145 CLR 143.........................81
Limitations and Consequences..................................................................................... 84
I – LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................... 84
II – CONSEQUENCES...................................................................................................... 85
Termination.................................................................................................................................. 85
By Agreement......................................................................................................................... 85
I – ORIGINAL AGREEMENT........................................................................................ 85
II – SUBSEQUENT AGREEMENT.............................................................................. 86
By Failure of Contingent Condition........................................................................... 87
I – FOUR CATEGORIES OF CC................................................................................... 88
II – THE DUTY TO CO-OPERATE.............................................................................. 89
III – CONSEQUENCES OF NON-FULFILMENT.................................................91
IV – RESTICTIONS ON RIGHT TO TERMINATE FOR NON-
FULFILMENT OF CONDITION.................................................................................. 95
By Breach.................................................................................................................................. 96
I – WHAT CONSTITUTES BREACH OF CONTRACT?.....................................96
II – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF A CONDITION...................................97
Tramways Advertising v Luna Park (1938) 61 CLR 286....................................98
Associated Newspapers v Bancks (1951) 83 CLR 322.....................................101
III – TERMINATION FOR BREACH OF AN INTERMEDIATE TERM. . .103
P a g e 3 | 264
, LAWS1075 – Contracts league Revision Notes
Hongkong Fir Shipping Co v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] 2 QB 26.......103
Ankar v National Westminster Finance (Aust) (1987) 162 CLR 549...........105
Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine (2007) 233 CLR 115
............................................................................................................................................... 106
By Repudiation..................................................................................................................... 107
I – THE ABSENCE OF WILLINGNESS OR ABILITY......................................110
II – ILLUSTRATIVE CASES......................................................................................... 111
Carr v JA Berriman (1953) 89 CLR 327.................................................................111
Progressive Mailing House v Tabali (1985) 157 CLR 17.................................112
Maple Flock v Universal Furniture Products (Wembley) [1934] 1 KB 148
............................................................................................................................................... 114
DTR Nominees v Mona Homes (1978) 138 CLR 423........................................114
By Delay................................................................................................................................... 116
I – WHERE TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE..............................................................116
II – WHERE TIME IS NOT OF THE ESSENCE.................................................117
Louinder v Leis (1982) 149 CLR 509......................................................................119
Laurinda v Capalaba Park Shopping Centre (1989) 166 CLR 623..............120
Restrictions on Termination............................................................................................. 121
Ready and Willing.............................................................................................................. 121
Foran v Wight (1989) 168 CLR 385.........................................................................122
Election.................................................................................................................................... 124
I – GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ELECTION........................................................124
Tropical Traders v Goonan (1964) 111 CLR 41..................................................126
Immer (No 145) v Uniting Church in Australia Property Trust (NSW)
(1993) 182 CLR 26......................................................................................................... 128
II – AFFIRMATION.......................................................................................................... 129
Consequences for Aggrieved Party...................................................................129
Consequences for Breaching Party...................................................................130
Bowes v Chaleyer (1923) 32 CLR 159....................................................................131
III – TERMINATION....................................................................................................... 132
Consequences for Aggrieved Party...................................................................132
Consequences for Breaching Party...................................................................133
IV – RIGHT TO CURE A BREACH........................................................................... 133
Estoppel................................................................................................................................... 133
Waiver........................................................................................................................................ 133
Agricultural and Rural Finance Pty Ltd v Gardiner (2008) 238 CLR 570. 134
P a g e 4 | 264
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nicknjeru. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £6.56. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52355 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now