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OCR A Level Geography Coastal Landscapes Summary - 2a (Coastal landforms develop due to a variety of interconnected climatic and geomorphic processes - formation of erosional landforms) £2.99
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OCR A Level Geography Coastal Landscapes Summary - 2a (Coastal landforms develop due to a variety of interconnected climatic and geomorphic processes - formation of erosional landforms)
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Summary of part 2a from Chapter 1 (Coastal Landscapes) of Michael Raw's OCR A Level Geography textbook which is linked to this document

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  • Chapter 1, 2a (coastal landforms develop due to a variety of interconnected climatic and geomorphic
  • August 4, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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How are coastal landscapes developed?
 2a. Coastal landforms develop due to a variety of interconnected climatic and geomorphic processes
- Formation of erosional landforms
Headlands and bays: Shore platforms:
 Normally form adjacent to each other  Created as a result of the repetition of marine
 Alternating bands of more resistant & less resistant processes, collapsing & retreat
rock  Base of cliff gets eroded by hydraulic action – as it
 The headlands are promontory gets more & more eroded a wave cut notch is
 The weaker rocks are eroded more rapidly to form formed
bays, more resistant rock remain between bays as  As the overhanging part of the cliff can’t balance
headlands anymore it collapses due to the pull of gravity
 Therefore, a discordant coastline is present causing mass movement – this whole process
 E.g. Flamborough head (chalk), Filey bay (Kimmeridge repeats
Geos: Cliffs:

 Narrow, steep sided inlets  Horizontally bedded & landward dipping rock strata support cliffs with a
 Usually consist of lines of steep, near vertical profile
weakness such as  When destructive waves break repeatedly on relatively steeply sloping
joints/faults coastlines, undercutting can occur between high & low tide levels –
 These are eroded more forming a wave cut notch
rapidly by hydraulic action  Continued undercutting weakens support for the rock strata above –
than the more resistant rock collapses: producing steep profile and cliff
around them  E.g. Flamborough
 Hydraulic action may be very
important in forcing air &
water into the joints & Blowhole:
bedding planes, weakening
the rock strata  If part of the roof of a tunnel-like cave collapses along a master joint it may form
 Sometimes geos initially form a vertical shaft that reaches the cliff top = blowhole
as tunnel-like caves running  Sea caves along the shore can have an opening in the ground above. When waves
at 90° to cliff line enter the sea cave with sufficient force, water can travel upward with great
 As they become enlarged by pressure & escape through the opening
continuing erosion – roof  E.g. Pre-glacially a blowhole was created at Selwick’s bay which was then infilled
collapse = geo & covered by Boulder Clay, only to be post-glacially re-excavated & enlarged so
 Huntsman’s Leap in that now even though the water rushes in it doesn’t blow (PTO for diagram)
Pembrokeshire (35m deep) ->

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