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Summary Pearson Edexcel IAS Unit 1: Photosynthesis

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Notes specifically targeting ALL the points mentioned in the Pearson Edexcel International AS/A Level Biology Syllabus + A Comprehensive List of Past Paper Questions & Answers from each topic needed to get an A* at A Levels (from someone who got an A* for IAL Biology).

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Uploaded on August 22, 2022
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Written in 2020/2021
Type Summary

a level
biology
ial edexcel
photosynthesis
cie
as level
energy
ecosystems
climate change
speciation
forensics
immunity
antibiotics
microbiology
bacteria
viruses
viral pathways

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Photosynthesis
Properties of Plant Cells that Enable Photosynthesis

Outline the structure of the chloroplast in relation to their role in photosynthesis

Chloroplasts:

Large flattened, double-membraned structure, with a biconcave shape.
The inner membrane is folded and stacked into thylakoids to increase
the surface area of enzyme-controlled chemical reactions.

Contains DNA & chlorophyll - a green pigment that absorbs light for
photosynthesis.

Site of Photosynthesis where solar energy is converted into
chemical energy.

Structures within the chloroplast:

1. Thylakoid:

a. Folded membrane-bound continuous compartments inside
chloroplast.

Photosynthesis 1

, b. Site of light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis /
photophosphorylation

2. Granum:

a. Stacks of thylakoid membrane discs containing photosynthetic
pigments such as chlorophyll arranged as photosystems

b. Joined together by lamellae - extensions of thylakoid membranes

3. Stroma:

a. Semifluid matrix surrounding the grana

b. Contains DNA and ribosomes

c. Site of Calvin Cycle / Light independent reaction

4. Chloroplast envelope:

a. The outer and inner membrane of the chloroplast including the
intermembrane space

5. Lamellae:

a. Extensions of the thylakoid membrane which connects two or more
grana.

b. Maintain a working distance between each granum so each gets
enough sunlight.

6. Ribosomes

7. Starch Grains: Compact store of energy that can be hydrolysed fast to
provide energy for photosynthesis

Differentiate between Absorption and Action spectra of photosynthetic pigments

Chlorophyll is a mixture of pigments that absorb different wavelengths of
light (solar energy) and convert them to chemical energy. These include:

Chlorophyll a - Absorbs blue-green light at 430 nm - 663 nm

Chlorophyll b - Absorbs yellow-green light at 453 nm - 642 nm

Carotenoids - absorb light and prevent damage to chlorophyll. Found in the
form of beta cartoene (orange) ad xanthophyll (yellow)

Pheaophytin - gray in colour

Photosynthesis 2

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