ENT (Ears, Nose and Throat / Otorhinolaryngology) notes for all conditions required to study for Medical school.
Notes summarise the following pathologies
1. Otalgia
2. Discharge of the Ear and Otitis Media
3. Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)
4. Childhood Deafness
5. Adult Deafness
6. Ti...
Cholesteatoma
Description Investigations
- Incidence: Occurs 1:10k cases of COM - Otoscope: ‘Attic crust’; Upper part of ear drum
- Age: Peak age 5-15 YO Management
- Risk: Cleft palate ↑ risk 100-fold - Surgery: Mastoidectomy; Myringoplasty
- Path: Non-cancerous growth of squamous epithelium - Mastoidectomy: Debridement + Reconstruction
- NB: Tumour trapped in skull base ➔ Local destruction - Myringoplasty: Tympanic membrane graft
Presentation Complications
- Features: Malodorous discharge; CHL; Vertigo - Cc: Meningitis; Mastoiditis; CHL; CNVII palsy
- Other: Vertigo; CNVII; Cerebellopontine angle syn.
Mastoiditis
Description Management
- Path: Middle ear inflammation; Air cell destruction - Prevention: Abx in early OM ↓ risk
Presentation - Abx: IV Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone until MC&S
- Features: Severe otalgia; Fever; Otorrhoea - Surgery: Myringoplasty ± Mastoidectomy
- Mastoid: Erythema and Swelling of mastoid
, Perforated tympanic membrane
CT scan of granulations (cholesteatoma) on left ear drum CT scan of Mastoiditis on left with no cholesteatoma
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