C: Explore the physiology of the digestive system and the use of
corrective treatments for dietary-related diseases.
All of my assignments for unit 2 applied science btec a distinction was achieved references included
The digestive system is made up of many organs. These organs process and break
down food into soluble molecules, which allow them to be absorbed by the
bloodstream or the lymphatic system; in the digestion of food, other organs are
known as accessory organs are the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. However, food
does not directly pass through these; they help digestion by secreting chemicals and
dealing with digestion by-product.(1)
Mechanical
and Chemical digestion
There are two types of digestion used by humans. Mechanical digestion is when
somebody chews and bites food; this allows large pieces of food to small pieces.
Another example of mechanical digestion is the churning action of the stomach.
When food is broken down into macromolecules through hydrolysis, this is done by
saliva, gastric juice, and enzymes; this is chemical digestion.
, The mouth-The mouth is a cavity surrounded by lips; the tongue’s function and soft
palate allowed for the taste of food to be identified; the tonsils also found in the
mouth filter bacteria from food that play a role in the lymphatic system. Facial
muscles, teeth and drawers play a role in mechanical digestion, helping break down
the food. The mucous membrane lining inside the mouth secretes mucus which,
along with saliva and other glands, allows the mouth to remain moist; the saliva also
allows taste buds and the soft palate two functions and taste food. Saliva also
contains enzymes that break down food, and also the mouth, and the larynx and
vocal cords, allow for speech and vocal sound.
Pharynx- The pharynx is a cavity that is lined at the back of the throat; when food is
broken down by the teeth and chewing motions, the tongue rolls the broken and
shoots down food into balls and pushes the food against the roof of the mouth this is
where the pharynx is located and allows for swallowing of the food as it is an
automatic reflex, this is done by the muscles contracting next to the pharynx and the
tongue pushing the food up against the roof of the mouth, epiglottis covers over the
glottis which intern closes the airway and allows the food to travel down the
oesophagus.
Oesophagus- The oesophagus is a long muscular tube that measures about 25 cm
long; the Tube is made up of four layers of mucous membrane that secretes mucus
to allow food to pass down the tube smoothly submucosa, which holds the mucous
membrane in place; this layer is relatively thick. It contains muscle in circular and
longitudinal fibres and an outer protective covering. Food travels down the
oesophagus via peristalsis; this is the involuntary contraction and relaxation of
Smooth muscles inside the intestine and oesophagus, which creates movements
that push food down and around canals.
Stomach- The stomach is made out of muscle and is part of the upper abdomen,
which sits just below the diaphragm; the stomach wall is made up of a thick layer of
muscle and is also lined with epithelial cells. Once food enters from the oesophagus
entering the stomach, and epithelial cells help produce digestive gastric juices, which
contain acid and enzymes, the stomach then creates peristaltic moves that churn the
food with enzymes that sit for 1 to 3 hours.
Small intestine- The small intestine is made up of three parts which are the
duodenum which is around 25 cm long and is fixed onto the abdominal wall; it is
made up of Smooth layers of muscle cells with epithelial and contains pancreatic
juice as well as other enzymes and bile from the liver please enter the duodenum
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