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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-latest 2022

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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-latest 2022

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  • November 4, 2022
  • 16
  • 2022/2023
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CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment-latest
2022
Chapter 22. Infection Prevention & Control
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following behaviors indicates the highest potential for
spreading infections among clients? The nurse:
1)disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial
soap.
2)allows alcohol-based rub to dry for 10
seconds.
3)washes hands only when leaving each
room.
4)uses cold water for medical asepsis.

ANS: 3
Patients acquire infection by contact with other patients, family members, and
healthcare equipment. But most infection among patients is spread through the hands
of healthcare workers. Hand washing interrupts the transmission and should be done
before and after all contact with patients, regardless of the diagnosis. When the hands
are soiled, healthcare staff should use antibacterial soap with warm water to remove
dirt and debris from the skin surface. When no visible dirt is present, an alcohol-based
rub should be applied and allowed to dry for 10 to 15 seconds.

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 618
KEY: Nursing process: Implementation | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level:
Comprehension



____ 2. What is the most frequent cause of the spread of infection among
institutionalized patients?
1)
Airborne microbes from other patients
2)
Contact with contaminated equipment
3)

,Hands of healthcare workers
4)
Exposure from family members

ANS: 3
Patients are exposed to microbes by contact (direct contact, airborne, or otherwise)
with other patients, family members, and contaminated healthcare equipment. Some of
these are pathogenic (cause illness) and some are nonpathogenic (do not cause illness).
But most microbes causing infection among patients are spread by direct contact on the
hands of healthcare workers.

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 609
KEY: Nursing process: Implementation | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Recall



____ 3. Which of the following nursing activities is of highest priority for
maintaining medical asepsis?
1)
Washing hands
2)
Donning gloves
3)
Applying sterile drapes
4)
Wearing a gown

ANS: 1
Scrupulous hand washing is the most important part of medical asepsis. Donning gloves,
applying sterile drapes before procedures, and wearing a protective gown may be
needed to ensure asepsis, but they are not the most important aspect because microbes
causing most healthcare-related infections are transmitted by lack of or ineffective hand
washing.

PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 617
KEY: Nursing process: Interventions | Client need: Safe Care Environment |
Cognitive level: Comprehension



____ 4. A patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward sign
of the disease is considered a:

, 1)
pathogen
. 2)
fomite.
3) vector.
4)
carrier.

ANS: 4
Some people might harbor a pathogenic organism, such as the human
immunodeficiency virus, within their bodies and yet do not acquire the
disease/infection. These individuals, called carriers, have no outward sign of active
disease, yet they can pass the infection to others. A pathogen is an organism capable of
causing disease. A fomite is a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen, such as
pens, stethoscopes, and contaminated needles. A vector is an organism that carries a
pathogen to a susceptible host through a portal for entry into the body. An example of a
vector is a mosquito or tick that bites or stings.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 607
KEY: Nursing process: Diagnosis | Client need: SECE | Cognitive level: Application



____ 5. A patient is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis. Which
precautions must the nurse institute when caring for this patient?
1)
Droplet transmission
2)
Airborne transmission
3)
Direct contact
4)
Indirect contact

ANS: 2
The organisms responsible for measles and tuberculosis, as well as many fungal
infections, are spread through airborne transmission. Neisseria meningitidis, the
organism that causes meningitis, is spread through droplet transmission. Pathogens that
cause diarrhea, such as Clostridium difficile, are spread by direct contact. The common
cold can be spread by indirect contact or droplet transmission.

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