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laboratory techniques and their application
- Module
- Unit 4
- Institution
- PEARSON (PEARSON)
4.2 assignment- Merit part: ethyl ethanoate produced industrially and differences between laboratory and industry
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UNIT 4. LEARNING AIM B. RESUBMISSION: M3ETHYL ETHANOATE PRODUCED INDUSTRIALLY AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LAB.
Ethyl acetate is an ester of ethanol, this ester is commonly used in smell of a banana flower, or we can
find it in overmature fruits which is high in ethyl acetate also it is found in alcohols like beers because
when the beer is in the process of fermentation it produces that ester.
The process of Fischer esterification is where we use a carboxylic acid and an alcohol with a catalyst in
the reflux method. The catalyst acid that is used is concentrated sulfuric acid. This mixture changes into
an ester in about 65% yield in a room temperature, concentrated sulphuric acid is used to remove water
and speed up the hydrolysis. The catalyst is produced industrially by Tishchenko method, which is
another way to produce ethyl acetate Producing ethyl ethanoate industrially is made by esterification of
acetic with ethanol.
Ethyl ethanoate in industry is produced in three processes. The first one Fischer esterification, in this
process needs an acid catalyst. The effect of aa catalyst is used to remove any water in the substance.
The boiling point of ethyl acetate is around 77 degrees. The second process industrially is named
Tishchenko reaction, the function of this process is to prepare the ester of using aldehyde, industrially
use another different catalyst called aluminium alkoxides which is used in industry and two components
of acetaldehyde mix. The last and third process is the addition of acetic acid to ethylene. In
esterification, the acetic acid with ethanol is heated in batch reactor in high temperature about 50-80
degrees, in this process they use sulphuric acid as a catalyst.
Ethyl ethanoate is produced slowly by distillation when the two mixtures of ethanol and acetic acid is
mixed and a catalyst, not all industries use the same catalyst some industries use aluminium alkoxide or
it can be concentrated sulphuric acid. Industry use esterification to produce an ester using acetic with
ethanol, when it reacts with a catalyst it gives a high level of purity, and the effect of a catalyst it
increases the hydrolysis. Ethyl acetate has around 95-98% of small quantity of water, ethanol and acetic
acid. To purify the sample, they use acetic anhydride with ethyl acetate and a few drops of sulphuric
acid, then is heated in a reflux apparatus about 4 hours to remove impurities and then pass to a
distillation process.
The ethyl ethanoate produced in industry has a melting point of 84 oC and boiling point of 77.5oC. Fischer
esterification is the first process to produce ester, they mix acetic acid and ethanol with a catalyst which
is sulphuric acid, however in laboratory we used reflux apparatus by putting ethanol, ethanoic acid and
sulphuric acid to speed up the reaction into the round bottom flask also we added anti-bumping
granules to get a smooth boiling. the second process in industry is Tishchenko Reaction which
aluminium triethoxide is used as a catalyst. In laboratory, the next step is using fractional distillation
which it separates the liquid in two layers finally the last process of producing ester in laboratory is the
method of removing acidic impurities. The last step in industry is adding acetic acid to ethylene using
clay and heteropoly acid as a catalyst.
In laboratory we tested the organic liquid using boiling point method which called Siwoloboff although
in industry the testing method they used spectroscopy also using different types of chromatography can
be used to test the organic liquid. Boiling point can be compared from data book with your boiling point
results.
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