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ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam graded A+ 2022 £15.13
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ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam graded A+ 2022

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ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam graded A+ 2022Pyrimidine One carbon ring Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil Purine Two carbon rings Adenine, Guanine 00:42 01:08 How are nucleotides joined together? Condensation to form phosphodiester bond What is the function of m...

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  • November 21, 2022
  • 30
  • 2022/2023
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • thymine
  • uracil
  • guanine
  • ascp molecular biology certification exam graded a 2022
  • pyrimidine one carbon ring cytosine
  • purine two carbon rings adenine
  • how are nucleotides joined together condensation

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  • ASCP
  • ASCP

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ASCP Molecular Biology Certification
Exam graded A+ 2022
Pyrimidine - correct answersOne carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Purine - correct answersTwo carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine

How are nucleotides joined together? - correct answersCondensation to form
phosphodiester bond

What is the function of mRNA? - correct answersCarries genetic info out of nucleus
Transcript translated to protein

What is the function of tRNA? - correct answersCarries aa to ribosome
Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand

What is the function of rRNA? - correct answerspart of ribosome structure
most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons

Feedback inhibition - correct answersProduct of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product

Exonucleases - correct answersDegrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at
a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'

Endonucleases (Prok) - correct answersRestriction enzymes
Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
Types I-V

ORI sites - correct answersnt sequence where replication is initiated

Topoisomerase I - correct answersInduces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during
recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis

topoisomerase II - correct answerscuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes
another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands

,Gyrase (topoisomerase II) - correct answersUnwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding
at the rep fork by introducing DSBs

Helicase - correct answersBreaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork

Primase - correct answersDNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication

single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) - correct answersBinds ssDNA and
prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination

Okazaki fragments - correct answersShort fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ
using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template

Ligase - correct answersCloses gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P

What are the steps in DNA replication? - correct answers1. Initiate
2. Elongate
3. Terminate

Telomeres - correct answersRepeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr
from degradation

RNA polymerase - correct answersDNA dependent RNApol
Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)

Splicesomes - correct answersComplex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together

Enhancers - correct answersShort regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that
enhance TXN of a gene

Poly-A tail - correct answersPrevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm
100-250 A's at 3' end

5' cap - correct answers5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of
a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus

aminoacyl tRNA - correct answerstRNAs that carry amino acids

Ribosomes - correct answersWhere TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s

, Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s

What is the path of a tRNA in a ribosome? - correct answersAcceptor > Peptidyl > Exit

How is translation initiated? - correct answerssmall rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA
and scans for start codon (AUG)
Met-tRNA is brought to the P site
Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds

How is translation terminated? - correct answersOccurs when stop codon enters A site
Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester bond with P site, releasing aa
chain

Reverse transcriptase - correct answersenzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks
introns)
RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)

Pleiotrophy - correct answersa single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic
traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia

cDNA - correct answersintron free complementary DNA
can be inserted into a plasmid

Vector - correct answershelps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus

Open Reading Frame (ORF) - correct answerssections of DNA that begin with start
codons and end with stop codons
DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA

Spectrophotometer - correct answersMeasures amount of light absorbed
Quantitative measurement of [DNA/RNA]

At what wavelength does DNA and RNA absorb? - correct answers260 nm

At what wavelength does protein absorb? - correct answers280 nm

Organic isolation method - correct answers1. Lyse
2. Add phenol/ chloroform > vortex/spin
3. Transfer aqueous layer (top) to new tube
4. Add chloroform:IAA (removes phenol) > vortex/spin
5. Transfer aqueous layer to new tube

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