A full summary of Saavedra and Silverman's study, including aims, procedure, method, sample, important figures, results, conclusions, evaluations and more. I used these notes for revision and achieved "Top scorer" (nationally) for June 2022 with 91%.
Saavedra and Silverman 2002
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bexvw1
1. Background - atten- Role of disgust within phobias has received little
tion on disgust, dis- attention:
gust & phobia, evalu- Disgust interact with the fear to increase avoidance
ative learning (percep-
tion of neutral objects) During evaluative learning, a person perceives a
previously neutral object/event in a negative way.
Disgust and consequences, rather than fear.
2. Define Phobia A persistent & unreasonable fear of a particular
object, activity or situation
3. Subtypes of Classical Expectancy Learning: previously neutral stimuli be-
conditioning leading to come associated with potentially threatening out-
Phobia: comes.
1. Expectancy learning ’ looking forward to future danger e.g. "i'll fall again"
2. Evaluative learning
Evaluative Learning: Association is formed be-
tween previously neutral stimulus and negative
emotion (negative evaluation without anticipation of
threat/danger)
’ evaluating backwards to something that happened
e.g. "ladders are icky"
4. Aim (3) - rmb its a treat- To investigate the causes of a button phobia in a
ment! child.
To treat a child's phobia of buttons by reducing
disgust and fear responses.
To understand ideas of disgust and evaluative learn-
ing in a child.
5. Method - what research Case study
method, sample (age,
ethnicity, type of sam- 9 y.o. Hispanic American boy (Volunteer/Opportuni-
pling), where did they ty sampling)
find the child, tests/cri-
teria assessed (what Part of Child Anxiety and Phobia Program at Florida
did each one confirm), Int. University.
1/6
, Saavedra and Silverman 2002
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bexvw1
consent on confiden-
tiality Met DSM-IV criteria for specific phobia of buttons
and ADIS-C/P confirmed anxiety.
Boy and mom gave informed consent to participate
and to publishing data/details
6. Before the study: what Mother and son interviewed.
was carried out? What
did they learn about the Phobia began at 5 years old.
phobia (age when the
experience happened In art class, he ran out of buttons and went to get
& what happened)? more in front of the class. His hand slipped and all
What did the boy say the buttons in the bowl fell on him.
about the event?
He said the event was very distressing and since
then, he avoided buttons.
7. Effects button phobia Difficulties in dressing himself, preoccupied with
has had on the boy. button thoughts at school, not wishing to touch his
uniform.
8. What did DSM4 rule OCD and trauma.
out?
9. The therapy: before disgust and fear hierarchy
first session, boy de-
vised a ...... using a ...... distress rating
rating (.....) via a .......
0-8
feeling thermometer
10. What did the mother Mother provided positive reinforcement if the boy
do? successfully completed gradual, in-vivo (IRL) expo-
sure to buttons.
How long did behav-
ioural exposure thera- About 30 mins with the boy alone and another 20
py sessions last? mins with the mother
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