100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Summery Homeostasis and Organ systems (BBS1002) £9.99
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Maastricht University (UM)
  4.  
  5. Homeostasis and Organ systems (BBS1002)

Summary

Summary Summery Homeostasis and Organ systems (BBS1002)

1 review
 2 purchases
  • Module
  • Homeostasis and Organ systems (BBS1002)
  • Institution
  • Maastricht University (UM)

This summery contains all the cases discussed during the course homeostasis and organ systems (BBS1002). During this course, the tutorial groups talked about the autonomic nervous system, heart, lungs, GI tract, kidneys, and acid-base regulation. In the cases the anatomy, histology and function of ...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 59  pages

Document information

  • December 9, 2022
  • 59
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • autonomic nervous system
  • enteric nervous system
  • neurons
  • heart
  • blood vessels
  • cardiac output
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
  • anatomy
  • lungs
  • respirator
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • sympathethic nervous system

Written for

  • Maastricht University (UM)
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Homeostasis and Organ systems (BBS1002)
All documents for this subject (4)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: daniëlle38 • 4 months ago

Seller

avatar-seller
kimstaats

Reviews received

Content preview

Summery cases
BBS1002
Homeostasis and organ systems
By Kim Staats


1. Autonomic nervous system
2. Heart I
3. Heart II
4. Lungs I
5. Lungs II
6. GI tract I
7. GI tract II
8. Kidneys I
9. Kidneys II
10. Acid-Base regulation

,Case 1 Autonomic Nervous System
1. How is the nervous system organized?




Central nervous system (CNS):
CNS = Brain + spinal cord
• Brain = cerebrum (big part) + cerebellum + thalamus + hypothalamus + brainstem.
o Cerebrum = controls intelligence, memory, personality,
emotion, speech and ability to feel and move.
▪ Corpus callosum = linkage of right and left
hemispheres by nerve fibres.
o Thalamus = moves information to and from the lobes in
cerebrum, controls movement and memory.
o Hypothalamus = controls appetite, thirst and body
temperature and produces hormones that control the
release of other hormones in the pituitary gland.
o Brain stem = mid brain + pons + medulla. Important for
breathing, blood pressure and how the body reacts to danger.
• Spinal cord = carries messages to and from the brain. It contains nerve bundles and cells that
carry these messages. It is for adults 45 cm long.

, Nerve pairs in spinal cord (total 31 pairs):
o Cervical nerve pairs (8) = nerves starting in neck running to
face and head.
o Thoracic nerve pairs (12) = nerves in upper body extening to
chest, upper back and abdomen.
o Lumbar nerve pairs (5) = nerves in lower back running to legs
and feet.
o Sacral nerve pairs (5) = nerves in lower back extending to
pelvis.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS):
PNS = nerves + ganglion

Types of nerves:
• Afferent nerves = sensory nerves which carry messages from PNS to CNS.
• Efferent nerves = motor nerves which carry messages from the CNS to PNS.
• Mixed nerves = nerves with both afferent and efferent neurons.

Types of PNS:
• Autonomic nervous system = the part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the
basic visceral processes needed for the maintenance of normal bodily functions.
Visceral reflexes = subconscious sensory signals from visceral organs entering the autonomic
ganglia, the brain stem or the hypothalamus and then return subconscious reflex responses
back to the visceral organs to control the activities.
Types of tissue: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands.
The autonomic system consists of two major divisions: the sympathetic nervous system and
the parasympathetic nervous system. These often function in antagonistic ways.
o Sympathetic nervous system = “fight-or-flight”. Uses acetylcholine and
norepinephrine, although norepinephrine is what reaches the organ.
Preganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine, which binds to the nicotinic receptors
on the post-synaptic membrane of the postganglionic neuron, or to the hormone-
producing cells of the adrenal medulla.
▪ Postganglionic neuron will release norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft with
the target cell. The NE will bind to the 𝛼 and 𝛽 receptors -> fast.
▪ Adrenal medulla will release NE and epinephrine into blood stream -> slow.
Hormone used as described above: epinephrine.
Functions = e.g. digestion slows down, blood moves towards head & limbs, decreases
urine output, stimulates vasoconstriction.
Preganglionic motor neuron is short, postganglionic motor neuron is longer.
o Parasympathetic nervous system = “Rest and digest”. The parasympathetic nervous
system uses only acetylcholine.
Preganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine, which attaches to nicotinic receptors on
the receiving end of the postganglionic neuron.
The postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft with the
target cell, binding it to its muscarinic receptor.
No hormones are used in the parasympathetic nervous system.
Preganglionic motor neurons are long, postganglionic motor neurons are short.

, o A third division of the autonomic system, the enteric nervous system, consists of a
collection of neurons embedded within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract and its
derivatives. This system controls gastrointestinal motility and secretion.

• Somatic nervous system (SoNS) = voluntary nervous system. It consists of neurons that are
associated with skeletal or striated muscle fibres and influence voluntary movements of the
body. The motor neurons that innervate striated muscles form the somatic nervous system.
Functions:
o The SoNS contains both afferent nerves traveling towards the CNS and efferent
nerves responsible for sending signals from the CNS towards the rest of the body.
The brain and spinal cord process the input from a variety of sources and integrate
them before devising a response. This response determines the location and strength
of muscle contraction across different parts of the body. Therefore, the primary
function of the somatic nervous system is to connect the CNS with organs and
striated muscles in order to enable complex movements and behaviour.
o Additionally, the SoNS also mediates a subset of involuntary muscle responses called
reflex arcs. A reflex arc results in an extremely quick muscle contraction in response
to a stimulus, with minimal intervention from the brain. While the impulse for most
voluntary muscle contraction originates in the brain or brainstem, a reflex action can
be brought about with just a single sensory and motor neuron that synapse in the
spinal cord.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller kimstaats. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

64670 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

CPSI COMPLETE EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

AGNP BOARD EXAM QUESTIONS EYE, EAR, NOSE, THROAT

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

BIOS256: Edapt Week 2 Questions With Correct Answers

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

ANSC Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

NURSING FUNDAMENTA YETTY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2021

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

Ids 270 Midterm Correct answers latest update

Exam (elaborations) ·

(0)

BOC Prep and NATA-BOC Exam Secrets Study Guide 2023

Lecture notes ·

(0)

Apuntes Anatomía Patológica y Citodiagnóstico

Summary ·

(2)

Inleiding Theater en Dans: samenvatting teksten

£9.99  2x  sold
  • (1)
Add to cart
Added