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Summary Human Influence Igcse O levels 0610
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This is a summary for the chapter Human Influence in the 0610 igcse Biology .
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Human In uence - revision Notes-Increasing Food Production
- Agricultural machinery
Which makes it fasted for the farmer to produce crops than manual labour
- Agricultural chemical
- They are used to help and increase the growth of the crops tho get more more yield from the
same land
- Fertilisers and mineral ions
-Insecticides -
they are used for killing the pests that reduce the crop yield
- Selective breeding - How breeders can choose parents ,generations after generations ,to
produce new and improved varieties of animal and plants for example they can produce plants
that can be resistant to some diseases or grown in the soil which has low concentration of one
particular nutrient
Negative impact of monoculture
Monoculture - Crop plants are usually grown as large areas of single variety
There are lot of di erent species in a habitat that depend on each other and support one another
and this is knows a high biodiversity
- when there is monoculture it reduces the biodiversity
- They can cause an increase in population of organisms that are pests to the crops which can
hence reduce the crop yield
- It can cause the transfer or viruses which can cause diseases in plants
- Due to pests the farmers try to spray insecticides which just does not kill the insects who are
the pest for the plants but also the insects that help in killing those pest usually which feed on
them
- It is also extremely expensive
- The insects can also become resistant to the insecticides and can no longer kill them
Can use mixed cropping - which very less area is covered with one kind of crop and then a
di erent kind or crop which reduces the risk of pests reducing the yield of the crops
Negative Impacts of Live stock production
Large number of live stock are kept in the area that would normally be able to support more than
a very small number
They are given medication reduce the risk of the development of the diseases
They are also kept in temperature which maximise the growth rates
Intensive livestock farming aims to provide more food to the increasing population
The welfare issues for the livestock
They may su er in crowded conditions where they are kept
The diseases can spread easily (can use antibiotics)
This can increase the risk of them to develop resistance to the antibiotic
The waste from the intensive farming unit can pollute the waterways and land nearby
World food supplies
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, - There is an uneven distribution of of food around the planet
- If the prices rise then even if there adequate amount of food still some people would not be
able to a ord it
- Famines- a lack of food over a long period of time in a large area than can cause the death of
many people
Famines are mostly caused due to the weather
Can be caused due to droughts
Sometimes also can be caused dues to ooding and again prevents the crops from growing
Sometimes the human population grows so big that they unable to provide enough food for them
Can also be caused due to wars which prevent people from farming
The way to help
- The countries which are su ering from a famine the other countries can donate the food supply
So that in a short time they can recover and become self su cient again
Habitat Destruction
There are species that adapt to their surroundings in which they survive and when they destroy
the habitat its very di cult for them to survive in an new environment
We use the destroyed habitats for
- We use them for growing crops, livestock and for also building houses and factories
- We damage them when we use them to mind for fossil fuels or other resources
- We add pollutants to land and water which can kill the plants and animals that normally live
there
- They can also be damaged is we remove the key species from the environment
Deforestation
- Cutting down large number of trees is deforestation
- Can be used as as a fuel and also for building the materials
- Loss of tropical rain forest (They provide constant temperatures and high rainfall provide perfect
conditions for plant growth )
Many di erent species live in a small area of the rainforest than any other habitat so they have
high species diversity
- When the rain forest is cut down then the rain directly falls onto the soil as the soil is very thin it
causes the soil to be washed away and then is extremely di cult for the plants to grown back
This cause silting and then which can lead to ooding
- deforestation can threaten many species of organism withe extinction
- Can a ect the water cycle
- When there are trees a lot of water is taken up by the trees and also the trees can put the water
back to the environment and can cause the air to become drier and also can make it more
di cult to grow crops and keep livestocks and also causes less rainfall
Solution
Many people cut down trees as they have to feed their families and can also take the help of rich
countries to provide them with Jobs and will not cut the trees
The governments can charge a lot of money to the people who are logging companies
They can also sell carbon credits to other countries
Pollution
Green house gases
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