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Chapter No lFundamentals of chemistry
(Subjective short answer questions)
Ql. Define industrial chemistry and analytical chemistry.
Ans .Industrial chemistry: The branch of chemistry that deals with manufacturing of
chemical compounds on commercial scale is called industrial chemistry.
Analytical chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with separation and analysis of a sample to identify its
components is called analytical chemistry.
Q.2 . How can you differentiate between organic and inorganic chemistry?
Ans Organic chemistry
The branch of chemistry in which we study the covalent compounds of carbon and
hydrogen and their derivatives is called organic chemistry.
Inorganic chemistry
The branch of chemistry that deals with the study of all elements and their compounds
except hydrocarbons and their derivatives is called inorganic chemistry.
Q.3. Give the scope of bio chemistry.
Ans. It deals with all chemical processes taking place in living organism. In it, we study the
structure, composition, and chemical reactions of bio molecules. It is applied in the fields of
medicine, food science, agriculture and our natural environment.
Q.4.How does homogeneous mixture differs from heterogeneous?
Ans. Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture having uniform composition through out is called
homogeneous mixture. It is also called solution. Examples. Air, gasoline, ice cream,
ammonia solution, sugar solution, etc.
Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture having non-uniform composition throughout is called
heterogeneous mixture. Examples; soil, rock, wood, concrete, paint, etc.
Q.5.What is the relative atomic mass? How it is related to gram?
Ans. “The average mass of an atom of an element compound with an atom of caron-l2
isotope is called relative atomic mass of an element”. One atomic mass unit is l/l2 the
mass of one atom of carbon -l2. lamu=l/l2× l2.00amu=l.66 ×l0-24
Q.6 .Define empirical formula with example.
Ans. A formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of two atoms of different
elements in a compound is called empirical formula .Examples:
Compound Empirical formula
Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) HO
Benzene (C6H6) CH
, 3. Air does not have fixed melting point whereas water has fixed melting point0C.
Q.8.Explain why hydrogen and oxygen considered elements whereas water as a
compound.
Ans .Both hydrogen and oxygen cannot be chemically broken down into simpler
substances. It indicates that they are elements. Water can be chemically broken down into
hydrogen and oxygen .It shows that water is a compound.
Q.9.What is significance of the symbol of an element?
Ans.l.A symbol may be used to refer to the element in general.
2. A symbol may be used in place of the name of an element.
3. A symbol may represent one atom of an element.
Q.l0.State the reasons; Soft drink is a mixture and water is a compound.
Ans .The components of soft drink retain their own chemical identities and properties .Thus
soft drink is a mixture. The components of water hydrogen and oxygen have lost their
properties .So, water is a compound.
Q.ll.Classify the following into element, compound and mixture:
Ans (l) He and H2: He and H2 are elements.
(2) CO and Co; CO is a compound and Co is an element
(3) Water and milk: Water is a compound and milk is a mixture.
(4) Gold and Brass: Gold is an element and brass is a mixture.
(5) Iron and steel: Iron is an element and steel is mixture.
Q.l3.State the nature and name of substances formed by combination of the
following.
(a) Zinc and Copper Alloy(Mixture)
(b) Water and sugar (Solution) (Mixture)
(c) Aluminum + magnesium Alloy (Mixture)
(d) Iron+Chromium+nickel Alloy (Mixture)
Q.l4.Differentiate between molecular mass and formula mass, which of the following
will be molecular formula?
Ans .Molecular mass: The sum of atomic mass of all the atoms present in one molecule
of a molecular compound is called molecular mass. The molecular mass of H2SO4 = l × 2 +
32 × l + l6 ×4=98
Formula mass: The sum of atomic masses of all atoms present in one formula unit of an
ionic compound is called formula mass. K3PO4 = 3 × 39 +l × 3l + 4 × l6 = 2l2 amu
Q.l5. Which one has more atoms: l0g of Al or l0g of Fe?
Ans.l0g of Al: Number of atoms of Al=l0g/27g mol-l×6.02× l023 =2.23×l023 l0g of Fe
Number of atoms of Fe=l0g ×6.02×l023 atoms =l.08×l023 atoms.
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