Lecture notes
Cardiovascular System 9: Cardiac Embryology
- Module
- Systems of the Body 1
- Institution
- University Of Bristol (UOB)
A detailed summary on the embryological development of the heart and any defects that can occur.
[Show more]
Content preview
CARDIAC EMBRYOLOGYStarts in 3rd week of development.
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT:
1. Start with blood islands which are endothelial bags of RBC (vasculogenesis).
2. Angiogenesis- sprouting of vessels from endothelial bags of RBC (forms arch of
vessels).
3. By 4th week – two endocardial tubes fuse together (becomes your heart).
4. 3 layers of endocardial tube – myocardium, endocardium and pericardium. Also
have cardiac jelly which doesn’t contain cells but is key for valve formation.
5. Endocardial tubes fused to form one – confined in an endocardial cavity which
drives folding of the heart.
6. Sinus venosus- forms vessels that enter heart at the atria. Bulbus cordis forms your
pulmonary trunk and aorta.
7. Folding of the heart – atria get pushed upward and behind. Folds are all driven in
one direction which is driven by nodal of heart.
Dextrocardia – folding in opposite direction; therefore, orientation is from
left to right instead of right to left.
8. Septum Intermedium – between ventricles and atria.
9. Septum Primum – fuses with septum intermedium to separate left and right atria.
But you don’t have septum primum fully fusing with intermedium because
as a fetus, blood needs to flow between the two atria. Therefore, to
overcome this, have holes known as ostium secundum in the septum
primum.
10. Septum secundum needs to be built to separate the Left and right atria for the adult
heart.
11. Truncus – separates in 5th week to form two vessels (pulmonary trunk and aorta).
Separates in a spiral manner.
12. Neural crest cells form semi-lunar valves and are required for the separation of
truncus.
Vitelline Artery/Vein
Forms umbilical vessels.
3rd aortic arch makes your internal and external carotid arteries.
4th aortic arch makes your right brachiocephalic artery and aorta.
6th aortic arch forms ductus arteriosus (takes blood from pulmonary trunk ad
shunts it into aorta – important for foetal life).
Vitelline vein becomes hepatic sinusoids.
Atrial Septal Defects
1. Short septum secundum – allow left to right flow of blood between atria even after
birth.
2. Oversized septum secundum – therefore, still a hole allowing flow between atria.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller harrykane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £2.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
50064 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now