This document provides a timeline with detailed summary and in-depth analysis of Indonesian War to Independence. This is particularly useful for the study of A Level History, in the context of Cold War and US foreign policy in South East Asia.
Timeline: Indonesia’s War to independence
Time Event Details
1942 Japanese Invasion and Broke up the Dutch hold on Indonesia (economic +
Occupation bragging rights)
- The Japanese were dependent on Indonesia
for 25% of its oil
- The Japanese thought themselves as the
‘Light of Asia’
First welcomed as liberators, the Japanese imposed an
oppressive and totalitarian occupation.
- forced labour
- exploited land resources
The Japanese encouraged Indonesian nationalism.
- to affirm Asian superiority over the West/
Dutch
- Allowed the use of Bahasa Indonesia
(unifying language)
- The Dutch administration system was
retained; the Indonesians took up high
ranking positions; the Japanese filled the rest
of the positions
The Japanese allowed the Indonesian Nationalist
Party to be led by Sukarno
- Dutch educated architect
- supported by students and young
professionals
, 9 Nov 202
22 April 1944 Liberation of the Dutch
East Indies by Allied
forces
1 June 1945 Sukarno’s Pancasila Democracy (bull),
speech National Unity (tree),
Humanity (chain),
Social Justice (rice and cotton),
God (star)
August 1945 KNIP established Republican government was established in Jakarta,
and a constitution was adopted.
- KNIP = Central Indonesian National
Committee
15 Aug 1945 Japanese surrendered to
the Allies
17 Aug 1945 Sukarno-Hotta signed Indonesian nationalist forces unilaterally declare
the Proclamation of Indonesian independence after almost 350 years of
Indonesian Dutch rule.
Independence
Aug 1945 - Dec Bersiap killings Early stages of the Indonesian National Revolution
1946 Important factors behind the emergence of Bersiap
period:
- The youths received paramilitary training, and
the spirit of war remained.
- The Dutch lost their prestige after losing to
the Japanese. Meanwhile, people were
increasingly wary of the Dutch due to their
arrogance.
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