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COGNITION Motion perception and Selective attention
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Week 4: Motion perception and Selective attention06 October 2022 18:02
VIDEO 1: CHAPTER 4 – pp 140-144 & 152-165
VIDEO 2: SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Gibson´s theory of Direct perception
AUDITORY ATTENTION (Bottleneck theories)
• Visual perception is not just about object identification
• Perception and action are INTERTWINED
• An ecological approach of perception
• Information pickup from the ambient optic array
Light reach eye --> provide unambiguous info about object layout
Not much information processing
OPTIC FLOW
• Changes in pattern of light
Optic flow: everything moves except point of fixation
AFFORANCE
• Potential uses of objects
• GIBSON: these are perceived directly
When we see the hammer, we perceive the action associated with it
(hammering nails)
1. All bottom up regulated
WHEN DOES SELECTION/FILTERING TAKE PLACE?
Coch et al. (2005)
• Target detection within two auditory stimulus streams
• N1 ERP (100ms) distinguished between attended and non attended signals
• Thus, there is early selection of attended inputs
PERCEPTION OF AFFORDANCE
Tucker & Ellis 1998
Question: is the object upright or upside down? Left or right hand responses
Faster with right hand when handle is pointed to the right
HOW TO SEPERATE OUT ONE VOICE FROM SEVERAL SPEAKING AT THE SAME TIME?
• Selection using distinctive feature of the target voice: temporal coherence
(male, female voice? All physical characteristics are present that time)
• Increased use of top-down processes associated within attention and control
(filter out everything unrelated: when talk about weather then ignore hair color)
• Practice effect: Previous experience with voice increases selective listening
(If we know the voice then easier)
• Explanation cocktail party problem?
VISUAL SELECTIVE ATTENTION
• Posner´s Spotlight model of visual attention
Criticism!
• Eriksen & st James: Zoom lens model of visual attention
Increase (or decrease) the area of focal attention
RTs RESULTS
• Awh & Pashler: multiple spotlight model of visual attention
Attention split over two (or more) regions of visual space
Reaction time. Comp: if the object is presented in one side where the hand is
pressing; pressing with right hand by seeing object to the right. WHAT IS ATTENDED?
GRASABLE: object that you could grab (lollipop) vs non-grasable (stop sign). • Spotlight model: space-based attention
Attention is directed to locations in spatial representation of visual field
Quickest time: graspable + compatible • Object-based attention
Attention oriented to an object or perceptual group
Notes Page 1
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