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Lecture notes

Dry eye

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Lecture notes of 18 pages for the course Optometry at GCU (Notes on dry eye)

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  • March 2, 2023
  • 18
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Unknown
  • Clinical ophthalmology
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Dry eye

Why do we need the tear film?
 Antibacterial Properties (help eyes fight off infection)
 Transporting nutrients to cornea
 Optical performance of the eye
 Successful contact lens wear




 Foreign body removal

*3um to 45um thick*




What is dry eye?

 “Dry eye is a multifocal disease of the ocular surface
characterized by loss of a homeostasis of the tear film and
accompanied by ocular symptoms in which tear film instability
and hyperosmolarity ocular surface inflammation
 Female
Risk Factors  Age

,  Smoking
 Caffeine
 Diabetes meillitus
 Topical medications
 Systemic meds
 Acne rosaecea
 History of arthritis

Types  ADDE (Aqueous deficient)
 Refers to a failure of tear production by the lacrimal gland

 Leading to reduction in volume of tears which in turn causes hyperosm
evaporation

 Hyperosmolarity induces an inflammatory response on th ocular surfac

ADDE can be sub divided into:
Sjorgens syndrome
 Autoimmune condition involving damage to secretory glands througho
salivary, vaginal and lacrimal
 Primary form- occurs independently of any other autoimmune conditio
in saliva production
 Secondary form- occurs alongside an autoimmune condition such as sy
erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis



 ADDE- Non Sjorgens
 Acinar atrophy and periductal fibrosis can cause an obstruction affectin
 Familial dysautomonia
 Congenital alacrima

Secondary causes –
 obstruction of lacrimal gland from chemical/thermal trauma and trach
diabetes, cranial nerve damage nerve damage systemic medication
 Secondary obstruction of lacrimal gland itself due to lymphoma, sarcoi
disease.



 Evaporative Dry Eye (EDE)
 Consequence of increase evaporation of tears of ocular surface when t
functioning normally
 This increase in tear evaporation leads to hyperosmolarity
 EDE can be due to either abnormality with ocular surface structures (in
factor (extrinsic)

, Intrinsic
 Meibomian gland dysfunction(congenital lack, malfor
of meibomian glands)
 Proptosis
 Low blink rate




Extrinsic

 Contact lens wear
 Ocular surface disease eg allergy
 Systemic drug use
 Topical drug use
 Vitamin A deficiency
 Environment (eg central heating)

 How long?
History and  Worse in one? Both eyes?
symptoms  Describe symptoms
 What have you tried? How often do you use? Did it help?
 Does anything make your symptoms worse/better?
 GH
 Meds
 Allergies
 VDU
 CLs
 Occupation

Symptoms

 FB sensation

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