Lecture notes
Soc and Dev notes weeks 1-9
- Module
- Social Psychology
- Institution
- Nottingham Trent University (NTU)
Social and development notes.
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Theories & MethodsWEEK 2
Many theories and methods are used in psychology, which is the scientific study of
the mind, behaviour, and experience. Here are some examples:
1. Psychoanalytic theory: This theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on
the role of unconscious thoughts and feelings in shaping behaviour. It posits
that much of our behaviour and mental processes are motivated by conflicts
that exist at an unconscious level.
2. Cognitive psychology: This branch of psychology focuses on how people
process, store, and retrieve information. It seeks to understand how people
think, perceive, remember, and solve problems.
3. Behavioural psychology: This theory focuses on the role of learning and
conditioning in shaping behaviour. It emphasizes the influence of external
rewards and punishments on behaviour rather than internal thoughts and
feelings.
4. Humanistic psychology: This theory emphasizes the inherent goodness of
people and their capacity for self-determination. It emphasizes the importance
of self-actualization, which is the process of reaching one's full potential.
5. Developmental psychology: This branch of psychology studies how people
change and grow throughout their lifespan. It examines physical, cognitive,
and social-emotional development across different stages of life.
6. Social psychology: This branch of psychology studies how people think, feel,
and behave in social situations. It examines the influence of social norms,
group dynamics, and power dynamics on behaviour.
Many other theories and methods are used in psychology, and these are just a few
examples. In addition, psychologists often use a combination of different theories
and methods to understand and explain human behaviour and mental processes.
, Reading and Dyslexia
WEEK 3
Dyslexia is a learning disorder affecting an individual's reading, writing, and spelling
ability. It is characterized by difficulty with phonemic awareness, phonology, and
word decoding skills. Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate the
sounds in words, phonology is the study of language sounds, and word decoding is
the process of translating written words into sounds or meaning.
There are several theories about the causes of dyslexia. One theory suggests that it
may be caused by differences in how the brain processes language, while another
suggests that it may be related to visual processing difficulties.
There are several approaches to treating dyslexia, including:
1. Phonemic awareness training: This involves teaching individuals how to
identify and manipulate the sounds in words.
2. Phonics-based instruction involves teaching individuals how to decode words
by breaking them down into component sounds and blending them.
3. Multisensory structured language education combines visual, auditory, and
kinesthetic (movement-based) methods to teach language skills.
4. Assistive technology: This may include tools such as text-to-speech software
or visual aids that help individuals with dyslexia better process written
information.
It is important to note that individuals with dyslexia may require different approaches
and accommodations to successfully learn to read and write. Therefore, it is also
essential to work with a qualified educational or medical professional to determine
the most appropriate interventions for an individual with dyslexia.
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