Summarised tables for A level sociology Family and Education, providing summaries of the theories towards family and education as well as many applicable sociologists and data
Functionalist Fit thesis- Functionalists believe the family Parsons- Family fulfils two roles: Socialisation of children, Delphy and Leonard (1992)- Wom
views of has adapted to fit the modern industrial Stabilisation of the adult personality emotionally and practical labour e
family society Murdock- Family fulfils four roles: Control sexual behaviours of Jamieson (2005)- Ignores that the
They look at the exact purposes the family adults, Economic support, Reproduction, Educating the family foundation of sustaining gender i
has and what they produce not the Chester (1985)- neo-conventional family- Increase in dual earning Bernardes (1997)- Portray the nuc
emotional factors family where both parents work, Young and Wilmott- march of progr good to be true, ignores poverty,
Marxist views Look at how the family acts to benefit Zaretsky- Cushioning affect- Like Parsons warm bath theory the Hakim- Many women choose to s
of family capitalism and supresses the working class breadwinning man came home to wife and children to calm from support their husbands
within the family their exploitation from the bourgeoisie benefiting capitalism Brown (2012)- Ignores the meanin
Engels- Used to inherit wealth and maintain the wealth divide for the individuals
Althusser- Socialises children with norms and values to benefit the Thompson (2014)- Acts like social
ruling class such as obedient children for work on low wages children can reject capitalist view
Feminist views Believe that women are oppressed in the Dunscombe and Marsden (1995)- tripple shift- childcare, emotional, Young and Willmott (1973)- Marc
of family home and creates a cycle to keep women housework + Delphy and Leonard (1992)- women provide more conjugal roles have equalled
suppressed in all areas of life Benston (1972)- Women don’t challenge their role in society as they Hakim- Many women make this c
have been socialised to comply and believe it’s their role and not work, not because they w
Jamieson (2005)- The nuclear family is the foundation for womens Delamont (2001)- Feminist writer
oppression through domestic abuse and sexual assault lives are limited due to abuse whi
Postmodernist They focus on the changing and evolving Cheal (1993)- Families have diversified as society is unpredictable, Chomsky- Vague, doesn’t provide
views of family types and how there is less structure people are more individual and do what pleases themselves words to cover little info
family and more freedom to families therefore we can no longer measure or state there is a perfect family Chester- Family diversity is exagge
Morgan (1996)- It’s the routine that creates families not the Giddens- There is more freedom
relationships, being together everyday creates the real bonds general family structure that peop
Weeks (2000)- Sexuality has revolutionised the family
New right Similar to functionalists they believe the Dennis and Erdos (1992)- Rise in lone mother households is bad, Cash (1985)- Argued having one c
views of nuclear family is the ideal family type and lone mothers cannot provide the necessary socialisation and than one caring and one uncaring
family that lone parents cause problems in society economic support (69% lone in bottom 40% earners, 34% for two) of neglect and unwanted from th
creating a new underclass Murray- Nuclear family best family type, lone parent families create Chester- overexaggerates the neg
the ‘underclass’ those dependent on benefits families have and the creation of
Redwood- The nuclear family is the ideal family type, the decrease Neale- States that rising diversity
in its population is worrying judgmental society
, Explanations Statistics/Evidence/Sociologists
Demography Marriage- Large fall in marriage rates due to Secularisation, cohabitation, Marriages- Total number of marriages dropped by 1/3 from 1962 to 2008
and social Changing attitudes, Increasing singlehood Murray (1990)- Less people are marrying as welfare system can provide t
change Divorce- Divorce has become a lot more accessible and due to legal change, it that a father would have needed to provide
has become possible for all people and is now a normal thing Divorce- Divorce Reform Act (1971), Peaked in 1990’s (Only fell due to a f
Cohabitation- Normalised living situation now expected to happen multiple Wilson (1966)- Secularisation- Less/no pressure to remain married
times in a person's life However in recent years they have fallen due to decreasing marriage rate
Grandparents are a primary source of free childcare Cohabitation- Increased by 3 million from 1996 to 2012 in the UK
Fletcher (1966)- People expect more of marriage in the past but now its n
Coast (2009)- Normal living arrangement to the point where it is expected
(trial) and during casual dating or to save money
Hillman (2007)- In disadvantaged families the grandparents would provid
emotional, practical and financial support
Grandparents provide 40%-70% of childcare
Family Segregated roles: Instrumental and expressive roles Young and Wilmott (1970’s)- Despite seeing domestic roles as the female
relationships: Men and women have different jobs around the house increase in the males helping with these tasks
Conjugal These roles are usually divided based on stereotypes Devine (1992)- As women are beginning to work more men are taking on
relationships Pahl (1989)- Found men and women made different decisions, women m
decisions whereas men made bigger expensive decisions
Saunders (1984)- Women’s emotions are constrained in the home due to
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