Summary
History A levels OCR Russia Summary Notes
- Module
- Russia 1894-1941
- Institution
- OCR
Providing a detailed summary of the whole period - Contains topics 1,2,3,4 -Condensed Notes
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TOPIC 4 StalinPersonality ● Fulled by a level of paranoia
● ‘Psychopathic tendencies’
● As General Secretary of the
Communist Party(1922) held the
most senior of all management
posts
● Manipulated situations to serve
his wants and needs
● Ability to plan organise, and
implement his ideas effective was
the catalyst for his rise to power
Police state ● Chistka - 30% members expelled, 1
million members purged, Stalin
NKVD- NKVD helped administered the Enrolment
gulags over 40 million people were sent ● Post- Kirov Purges - Secretary of
to these prison camps during Stalin Equal rank, 2 hours later Stalin
drafted laws allowing arrest without
sentencing, arrested Kamenev and
OGPU - SECRET POPO Zinoviev, Out of the 139 Central
committee members all but 41
were put to death during the
purges.
● Yezhovschina, 30,000 members of
the armed forces were executed
General Public - 1.5 million people arrested
Economic Policy - Collectivisation & Industrialisation (5-year plan)
Indutralisation Purpose of the 5-year plan establish
a war economy to match capitalist
countries
Collectviation - 98% peasant households in Positives
communes.
● Coal production increased from 35
million tonnes to 166 million.
● Increased + advancements in
electricity and oil production
● Unemployment low
● Women in the industrial industry
increased from 28% to 40% by 1940
● Defence and armaments grew
rapidly
● Soviet National income grew by
14% between 1928 and 1941
Negative
, ● 10 million peasants died of famine
● Unrealistic targets leading to
corruption and falsification of
production data
● Consumer industry failing
● Harsh factory punishments, fined or
arrested if targets were not met
● Fuel shortages
Collectivisation
Positives
● ended the forced exploitation of
peasants by greedy landlords
and got rid of greedy and
troublesome kulaks
● This was communism in practice
Negatives
● Kulaks, 30,000 shot, the number of
rural mass disturbances increased
from 172 to 229, 1-3 million
deported
● Famine, livestock decreasing -
sheep and goats 146million to
42million
Red Terror 200,000 shot
● Stamped down groups portraying
bourgeois and counter-revolutionary
ideas
Cult of personality ● Stalin's picture appeared
everywhere eg Newspapers,
Books, flims
● Image of Stalin as a hero and
saviour was manufactured.
● Worshiped as a hero
● Kosmol were instrumental for
spread of Stalnist propaganda
● grew from 2 million membsers in
1927 to 10 million in 1940
● Opened to those aged 14-28
Censorship ● 1932 all literacy groups closed
down
● Had to join Union of Soveit
Worker
● Produce material of ‘socialist
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