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PSC204-001:Final/Mid-Term Exam Study Guide University of Alabama PSC 204

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PSC 204 International Relations

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PSC 204 International Relations

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psc 204 international relations
psc204 001finalmid term exam study guide university of alabama psc 204
psc204 001 introduction to international relations final exam study guide exam date tuesday

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PSC204-001: Introduction to International Relations
Final Exam Study Guide
Exam Date: Tuesday, December 11th
Chapter 14:

Be able to distinguish interstate wars from intrastate wars
Civil war: intrastate:(Internal)groups battle over control of sovereign state
International war: (interstate)two or more sovereign states fight each other
Know the difference between total war and limited war
Total war (fought for state‘s existence) vs.
Limited war (fought for lesser goal than existence; e.g. territorial disputes)
Be familiar with Clausewitz’s trinity: passion, chance, and reason.

Trinity philosophy: 3 features determine nature of war (CPR)
–Passion (among people): beliefs about war
–Chance (among military forces): test their abilities against trials and fortunes of war
–Reason (among political leadership): decide upon the war and set its ultimate aims

Be able to identify instances of compellence and deterrence
Compellence: the ability of one state to coerce another state into action, usually by threatening
punishment (giving someone a reason to do something)
Deterrence: which is designed to discourage an opponent from action by threatening punishment
(giving someone a reason not to do something)

Understand how technological advancements affect geopolitical relationships, specifically
through the lens of the so-called “revolution in military affairs (RMA)”
-technology advancement alters military conflict
-not as much discussion about how opponents of a high-tech advanced state might just conventional or
asymmetric responses to fight each other in the most effective way against a more sophisticated
opponent.
----could be wrong----
-RMA became an influential school of thought after the dramatic American victory in the 1991 Gulf War
-Breakthrough technological developments can radically alter military conflict
-Less discussion about how opponents of a high-tech state might use conventional or
asymmetric responses to fight effectively against a more sophisticated opponent

Chapter 15:
Be able to compare and contrast the traditional and the alternative approaches to the subject of
security.

, Traditional: developing an offensive military to protect themselves
Alternative: More of a social route to security, seeks social interactions between states. Uses
security communities. Shifts focus to individual “human security”

Understand what security communities are and why they come into being.
A Security community is shared knowledge between states that trust each other to resolve
disputes without war.
Example: NATO

Be able to define geopolitics, and be familiar with how it intersects with the narrative of
globalization.
Geopolitics has to do with national and imperial control of space and resources, it suggests that
geographical position is a key determinant of policies a state pursues, especially in relation to security
and strategy. It intersects with globalization because globalization has to do with the free flow of goods,
capital and Ideas, geopolitics would affect the strategies of trading goods and capital. (not 100% sure this
is what he wants feel free to change)

Chapter 16:
Be able to identify the four theoretical interpretations of the international political economy (IPE).
Four interpretations
–Ideas and ideology drive global politico-economic change.
–The conjunction of powerful corporate and institutional interests changes the political landscape.
–The technological revolution shrinks the world, streamlines complexities, and facilitates economic
exchange.
–Powerful states exercise international influence in order to shape the global economy to their interests.

Understand the dynamic at work in the so-called “trinity” of IPE (trade, production, and finance)
● IPE Trinity: trade, production, finance
● 3 separate traditions to IPE:
○ Liberal tradition: prefer trade/openness, “laissez-faire” (gov’t shouldn’t interfere in the free
flow of economy). International organizations are beneficial for cooperation
○ Nationalism/realism: seek to maximize wealth and independence, if necessary using
tariffs to accomplish these aims. International institutions are only good for the interest of
the state (relative/immediate gains), free trade only good if state benefits
○ Marxism: focuses on the capitalist structure that oppresses the global proletariat
○ -----feel free to add on/change-----
○ Liberal tradition builds on ideas about free markets and the view of markets as being the
most efficient mechanism by which resources can be allocated
○ Nationalists/realist: focus closely on “international” relations among states and see the
global political economy as being shaped by competition among states to maximize their
power and security.
○ Marxism is concerned with the system/structure of the political economy which is defined
as capitalism, interests are not understood through states and government but by classes

, Be able to identify instances of compellence and deterrence
● Compellence: make them do something war related
● Deterrence: make them NOT do something war related
● (--Schelling--)

Be able to distinguish public power and private power
•Public power: state-led institutions, organizations, and actors.
•Private power: nonstate institutions and actors
–Firms, global markets, private regulatory bodies, NGOs.

Be familiar with the four processes of globalization (internationalization, technological revolution,
deterritorialization, liberalization)
● Internationalization: high levels of international interaction and interdependence in regards to
economy
● Technological revolution: technology has made distance and location less important in
gov/social/economic movements
● Deterritorialization: process where the organization of social activities is less constrained by
geographical proximity and national territory boundaries, accelerated by technological revolution,
people identify themselves less bases on boundaries
● Liberalization: gov policies reduce the role of the state in the economy (ex: privatization,
removing tariffs/trade barriers)

Concerning globalization, be able to distinguish modernization theory and underdevelopment
theory
● Modernization theory: the world is divided into the ‘advanced’ West and the
underdeveloped South, which must ‘catch up’.
● Underdevelopment theory: ‘catch up’ is not possible because the structure of capitalism
means that development requires underdevelopment (Marxist and postcolonial
influences). Idea that the West only helps these countries if it serves their interests/if they
can get something out of it (if a western country helps a developing country, that country
is ‘morally’ indebted to the western one, even if they pay them back monetarily)

Understand the significance and impact of the Bretton Woods institution
Bretton Woods institutions were viewed by developing countries as systematically undermining
their interests.
Were created to help development after the long period of war in Europe and Asia. Yielded the
creation of the International Monetary Fund, the world bank, and the general agreement on Tariffs and
Trade(later became the world trade organization, WTO).
Add some more if possible
https://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/2005/08/art-320747/

Be familiar with the Washington Consensus
•The Washington Consensus: structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) to impose economic
reform on developing countries

- The Washington Consensus refers to a set of free-market economic policies supported prominent
economic institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the U.S.

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PSC204-001:Final/Mid-Term Exam Study Guide University of Alabama PSC 204

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