1. RNA polymerase Enzyme that facilitates transcription 2. Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template 3. Ribosome Large macromolecular complex where pro- teins are synthesized 4. tRNA (transfer RNA) Form of RNA that is complementary to mRNA. Has a neucleotide anticodon on one...
1 rna polymerase enzyme that facilitates transcription 2 transcription synthesis of an rna molecule from a dna template 3 ribosome large macromolecular complex where pro teins are synthesized 4
Biochemistry WGU
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1. RNA polymerase Enzyme that facilitates transcription
2. Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a
DNA template
3. Ribosome Large macromolecular complex
where pro- teins are synthesized
4. tRNA (transfer RNA) Form of RNA that is complementary to
mRNA.
Has a neucleotide anticodon on one end
and an amino acid in the other.
5. Translation decoding of a mRNA message into a
polypep- tide chain
6. Coding strand (DNA) The original strand off which the new nu
cleotide sequence is
based. Almost the same
as mRNA
7. template strand (DNA) The strand mRNA uses to make a copy.
Complementary to mRNA
8. missense mutation base substitution results in change in an
amino acid
9. nonsense mutation changes a normal codon into a stop
codon
10. silent mutation change in DNA that codes for the same
amino
acid
11. Replication process of copying DNA prior to cell
division
12. DNA polymerase III synthesizes new DNA only in the 5' to
3' di- rection
Needs a primer to start
1
, Biochemistry WGU
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13.polymerase chain Copying DNA in lab.
reaction (PCR) Used to
study/diagnose
2
, Biochemistry WGU
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14. PCR needs Target DNA
dNTPs
(deoxyneucleotides)
DNA primers
Taq polymerase (stable at high temps)
15. Helicase An enzyme that untwists the double
helix of DNA at the replication forks.
16. Ligase An enzyme that connects two
fragments of DNA to make a single
fragment
17.Repair for damage to bases Base excision (removes damaged
from harmful molecules base and replaces it)
(like chemicals)
18. Mismatch repair Repair for base mismatches due to
errors in
replication
19.Repair for double Homologous recombination (using
stranded breaks in DNA sister chromosome as model)
(Radiation/x-rays) Non homologous end joining (no model
avail- able)
20. Nucleotide excision Repair for damage from UV which causes
ad-
jacent nucleotides to fuse together
(thiamine dimers)
21.Amino acid sequence Histones
wraps around proteins
called
22. Histones organize to form Nucleosomes
23.Nucleosomes organize Chromatin
to form
3
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