summary has included:
1. Assumptions
-with all assumptions
-using SEE method
State, Explain and Example
-helping you to remember less but important keywords and points to include in your exam
2. Therapy
-three assumptions
-with brief explanation to familiar self
3. Classic study
-thi...
Human are born like a Human and animal learn
Human learn through conditioning
blank slate (Tabula Rasa) in similar way
Assumptions Watson and Rayner (1920)
Blank slate(Tabula Rasa) Aim
whether it could be shown that our emotions can be acquired through classical conditioning.
-Tabula Rasa= Blank slate
-We are not born with in-built mental control that
Method
internal events don't drive our behavior
Controlled observation
-Immigration -> begin with no record, history
Procedure
Human learnt through conditioning Session 1: Establishing a conditioned emotional response
-Behavior learnt through conditionign Session 2: Testing the conditioned emotional response
-Classical conditioning(Ivan Pavlov-dog)
Session 3: Generalisation
-Operant conditioning(B.F. Skinner-rat)
-Example:Token economy system Session 4: Changing the environment
Session 5: The effect of time
Human and animal...similar ways (details outside)
-Human and animals learnt in similar ways
-They have the same law of learning Result
-Able to study animal learning in lab and make
After the continuous association of the white rat and loud noise, Little Albert was
generalisations about human behavior classically conditioned to experience fear at the sight of the rat.
-Pavlov-conditioning applies in behavior therapy
Albert's fear generalized to other stimuli that were similar to the rat, including a
Systematic desensitisation fur coat, some cotton wool, and a Father Christmas mask.
Aim:replace phobia with relaxation Conclusion
Counterconditioning This study demonstrated that such learned (conditioned) responses generalise to
-Reciprocal inhibition similar stimuli – Albert maintained a fearful response
-The relaxation skills that inhibits anxiety to many diff erent furry objects over the time he was studied.
Desensitisation hierarchy
-A series of gradual steps that are determined at
the beginning of therapy when the client and
therapist work out a hierarchy of feared stimuli
from least fearful to most fearful
Different forms of SD
-In vivo: comfort fear situation directly
-In vital: ask the subject to imagine the presence
Contemporary debate Evaluation of behaviourist approach
Using conditioning techniques to Strength Weaknesses
control the behaviour of children Scientific Emphasis on nurture
at home Focus on here and now Determinist approach
in school
Successful application More relevant to animals
peers
than human
vulnerable groups of children
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