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4 and 6 marks questions education
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1. Outline two material factors that may affect social class in educational achievement.Material deprivation can have a range of impacts on educational achievement like housing and diet. A
crowded house results in no privacy and no room to study and complete homework in silence so the
pupils are able to focus and do a good job, this will impact their grades and contribution in class. Having
a poor diet due to the poor material situation at home means lower energy levels and not being able to
concentrate. It can also cause the pupil to get sick faster which leads to missing school. All these reasons
can impact and lower the academic achievement of the pupils in this situation.
2. Outline three reasons why the government education policies aimed at raising educational
achievement among disadvantaged groups may not always succeed.
Some of the policies aimed at raising educational achievements do not always succeed regarding
disadvantaged groups due to material and cultural deprivation. The government supports achievement
and competition through badges and certificates, individual exams and sports day. However due to a
more restricted language code disadvantaged groups may not score as high for tests and therefore not
get the gratification others do through badges. Disadvantaged groups would also not be able to
participate to sports day due to the material situation at home, they might not be able to afford other
clothes and may not be accepted by other children. Equality of opportunity should ensure that everyone
is entitled to the same support and democracy refers to each student being able to say their opinion and
be heard. However, they fail to acknowledge the labelling theory that has a bad impact on the pupil’s
perception of themselves, creates a bad student-pupil relationship and makes pupils less likely to open
and share their opinion as they do not feel comfortable around certain teachers.
3. Outline two cultural factors that may affect ethnic differences in educational achievement.
Due to ethnic and cultural reasons some women are not allowed to work, this decreases the income of
that household and can increase the possibility of material deprivation. Due to material deprivation the
child can have a poor diet which results in low energy and is more likely to get sick and miss school, this
will have an impact on academic performance. Material deprivation usually also means problems with
housing, no privacy and no space to complete homework properly which also contributes to a decreased
academic performance. Another cultural factor could be that the pupil’s first language is not English and
there could be a language barrier for some time until they catch up. This could impact their educational
achievement as they need extra revision and need to put more work in to understand the language and
the materials at the same time. Both factors can lead to a pupil do worse in their GCSE exams or fail
them.
4. Outline two reasons why marketisation policies may produce inequality of educational
achievement between social classes.
Marketisation refers to schools acting more like businesses rather than caring and providing what the
pupils and society needs. One policy of marketisation is open enrolment, which allows parents to select
the school of their choice rather than being limited to the school in their catchment area. However,
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