1. Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive to one another, so both alleles are always expressed in the phenotype. Codominant 2. The inheritance of a single gene Monohybrid inheri- tance 3. Physical, behavioural, biochemical expression of an organisms genotype Phenotype 4....
AQA A-Level Biology Paper 2
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1. Alleles that are neither dominant nor recessive to
Codominant
one another, so both alleles are always
expressed in the phenotype.
2. The inheritance of a single gene Monohybrid
inheri- tance
3. Physical, behavioural, biochemical expression Phenotype
of an organisms genotype
4. The type of genes an individual has Genotype
5. Alles that is always expressed in the phenotype Dominant
6. Only expressed in the phenotype when Recessive
homozy- gous
7. both alleles are the same Homozygous
8. Both alleles for a specific gene are different Heterozygous
9. Position of a gene on a chromosome Loci
10. A set of instructions for a specific polypeptide Gene
11. Different forms of a gene Allele
12. 1. Expected ratios are probability Suggest one
2. Sexual reproduction is random due to random reason why
fusion of gametes and random assortment observed ratios
homol- ogous chromosomes. are not the same
as expected
13. 1. Homologous chromosomes pair up ratios (1).
2. Crossing over / chiasmata form;
3. Produces new combination of alleles Meiosis results in
4. Chromosomes separate at random cells that have
5. This produces varying combinations of genes the haploid
6. Chromatids separated at meiosis II number of
chromosomes
and show genetic
1/
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tion. Explain how. (6)
14.
2/
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1. Refer to the specific individuals (using Pedigree
their number) Questions Mark
2. Explain what happened with the genes (passed Scheme (3)
on recessive/dominant)
3. Describe the genotype of your examples and
mention their phenotype
(homozygous/heterozy- gous etc)
15. Group of organisms of the same species occupy-
ing a particular space at a particular time that can Populations
potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
16. The total number of genes of every individual in
an interbreeding population. Gene pool
17. How often an allele appears in a population.
Allele
desired allele/total alleles = allele frequency
(deci- mal form)
frequency
18. No emigration or immigration
No mutations
Mating is random
No natural selection
Hardy-
19. 1. Selection pressure exists in an
Weingberg
environment (name it)
Assumptions
2. Variation exists in stated phenotype of
(4)
organ- ism/ mutation occurs
3. Some individuals have the selective
advantage (describe it)
4. Produces differential survival/ organisms
Natural selection
with successful alleles more likely to survive
MS (7)
5. Natural selection occurs
6. Survivors breed and pass on alleles to
offspring
7. Over time, there is a switch in allele frequency
20. Favours the mean phenotype. (Normal
distribution becomes narrower)
3/
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Stabilising selection
4/
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