Summary

Summary - Unit 1 - Principles and Applications of Science I

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PEARSON (PEARSON)

Contains condensed notes of the following topics - Ions, Relative formula mass, Electromagnetic waves, Regulation of communication waves, Conservation of mass. These notes helped me achieve distinction overall.

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Uploaded on May 15, 2023
Number of pages 1
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

Calculations Involved Masses

Conservation of mass:

 The law of conservation states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so,
the mass of the product equals the mass of the reactants.
 Example,

When hydrogen molecules react with chlorine molecules, they make hydrogen chlorine
molecules:
H2+Cl2 HCl
This equation shows the reactants and products, but it isn’t balanced.
H2+Cl2 2HCl
This balanced equation shows that 1 hydrogen molecule reacts with 1 chlorine molecule to form 2
molecules of hydrochloric acid.

Closed Systems:

 A Precipitation reaction is a simple example of conservation of mass
 A Precipitate (insoluble solid) is formed during the reaction
 The reactants and products remain inside the closed reaction making it easy to see that the
overall mass hasn’t changed.
 Example;
Mass products = Mass reactants
AgNO3(ag)+NaCl(ag) AgCl(s)+NaNO3(ag)

Non-closed Systems:

 Example;
When magnesium is heated in a crucible it reacts with oxygen and forms magnesium oxide:
2Mg+O2 2MgO
This equation shows that 2 magnesium atoms react with 1 oxygen molecule to form 2 magnesium
oxide compounds
 Here are the results from the reaction:

Mass in g
Mass of crucible at the start of the reaction 0.23
Mass of crucible at end of reaction 0.41
 Some reactions may appear to involve a change in mass but this can be explained because a
reactant or product is usually a gas and its mass has not been taken into account.
In this example, the mass of the magnesium oxide produced is greater than the mass of the
original metal.

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