Summary
Summary globalisation notes
- Module
- Globalisation
- Institution
- OCR
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globalisation* Is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a
result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. Globalisation has
increased the production of goods and services.
* Giddens, globalisation can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social
relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are
shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa
* How long has globalisation been going on? Since the dawn of man. People have been
moving and taking their cultures to other part of the world since the start of time
* What has made globalisation more of an issue now? Internet, air travel,
transnational corporations (TNC) and shared economies
* In recent decades we have seen radical development and changes for human society.
If human history were condensed into a day, then nothing happened for 23 hours.
Agriculture would appear at 11.56pm and 30 seconds. Great civilisations at 11:57pm.
Modern society at 11:59pm and 30 seconds.
* More changes have taken place in the last 30 seconds of this ‘day’ than in the
preceding 23 hours, 59 minutes and 30 seconds.
* Change is so rapid and unlike no other time in human history, we struggle to
catch up. Therefore we need to understand what this all means.
* Wiseman 1998 is concerned that we may not really all use it in the same way and
it can be misunderstood.
The problems of defining globalisation
* It involves so much economic, political, cultural, social
* No one can agree if it is positive or negative. It will be a mix and some will
benefit, others will be more harmed by it. It cannot be said to be a positive thing
as it reinforces too many inequalities
* globalisation is not just economic or political, it is also social and cultural
* Arnold schwarzenegg was the first major star to realise his films could make more
money in Asia than North america. He promoted his 1990 film Total recall in Asia
and it was the first film to make more money in those countries than North america.
* Globalisation can be positive and negative. It is at different stages in
different parts of the globe, less developed countries may be at very early stages
* Not everyone is the same, homogenised. Some communities are still uncontacted
* Not all societies want this and some fight against it (religious groups) think of
all the western allies in parts of the arab world. Religious fundamentalism fight
back as well
* globalisation is cultural
Developments in digital forms of communication
* The digital revolution
* The global village
* Virtual communities
* Social networks
* Media convergence
* Big data
The digital revolution
* The digital revolution has grown massively in the last few decades, even the last
few years. There has been a move from analogue to digital, expanding the amount of
information we can receive
* This has happened so quickly that it is very difficult to get your head around
the implications. We can share information around the world in a matter of seconds.
, New media
* There are 2 types of new media
* Old media, moving using new technology to reach a wider or different audience.
For example, print newspapers are now online and tv channels are now on demand or
online. You can now rewind live tv and radio as well as watch on demand
* New platforms, watching films on laptops and mobile phones. Apps for a range of
things. You can use these apps for shopping, dating, diet, planning, sleep and
medication regulation
The global village
* The world has shrunk as we no longer need face to face time with others. We can
communicate online. This is known as the global village
* Some online relationships may be just as significant as the ones in real life.
Virtual communities
* How do we chat to people online? Chatrooms, social media, message boards,
specific sites for certain skills
* People can share ideas and experiences. They can be shared around the world and
have an impact our identity
* Carter 2005 found that people often let their online friendships spill out into
the real world, meeting up with them in real life. She found that cyberspace is
embedding into people's lives
* Boellstorff ' second life, people create their own communities in this virtual
world. They can build houses, go to concerts, attend parties, make friends, buy and
sell goods and even fall in love. It has 1 million users and a GDP of £550 million,
which is bigger than tonga and tuvalu combined. He spent over 2 years studying
second life as an avatar named Tom Bukowski, interviewing and observing others in
the community. He looked at all aspects of identity, money, sex, conflict,
construction of time and place. It changes the way we see identity. But one issue
was how to deal with crimes in second life. In 2007 belgian police stated to patrol
second life as one participant claimed to have been raped in the game.
Prostitution, porn and rape are now common issues. It has even been possible to buy
a rape add on, meaning your character can attack others. Some avatars are clearly
sexualised children
* In 2007 a virtual riot took place between the french national front and anti
fascist demonstrations.
Social networks
* Social networks that were once face to face are now online
* Work, family, friends. Hobbies, religion and interests
* People need to use the internet to find work, apply for work, do their work and
maintain relationships in work
* In a postmodern society and global society all the emphasis is on the emphasis is
on the information. Castells argues we have moved from a society based on gas and
oil to one based on information. Information is shared in networks that may purely
exist to get a job done. Once completely they can be disbanded. Those at the bottom
of the hierarchy are excluded and frozen out
* In this networked global society information is crucial and making connections is
needed to do well. This is known as social capital. Linkedin is a good example of
this.
Media convergence
* This is how information can be combined an shared in a whole range of formats
* You can have text, images, video and even live streaming on a website
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