Summary
Summary Unit 8 Health and Social Care Distinction
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- Boston College, Boston (BC)
Unit 8 Health and Social Care Distinction
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lOMoARcPSD|3013804Unit 8: Promoting Public Health
What does the term ‘health promotion’ mean?
Health promotion covers a wide range of social and environmental tasks that are designed to
benefit and protect a healthcare user’s health and quality of life by talking about what the
cause ill health Is and how to prevent ill health however, this Is done by not just focusing on
a treatment or how to care for an individual. Examples of health promotion is disease
prevention, and wellness programs Examples of communication strategies include public service
announcements and newsletters.
https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/health-promotion
How/why did public health evolve?
Over the years for example the past years in Victorian times there was many different
outbreaks of diseases this was due to poor sanitation and not enough understanding on
bacteria and diseases there was outbreaks of cholera, typhoid and influenza which killed
many thousands of people an example of this was the Great Stink of London, this was when
sewage full of nasty bacteria and was a gateway to disease filled the Thames which had many bad
implications. Edwin Chadwick who was an English social reformer who helped improve
sanitation in society. Made a report called ‘Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring
Population of Great Britain’ He discovered that there is a link between having bad living
conditions and disease which can lead to a shorter life expectancy.
The government then realised that it was vital for them to improve sanitation from this then
evolved the public health, in 1842 Edwin Chadwick published a report on sanitary conditions
in the working population this talked about the horrible conditions people were living in,
because of this many people refused to go to work and go out in public due to the high risk
of disease, Chadwick tried to make changes such as local taxes on improving housing hygiene
and the report suggested the access of clean water, the removal of sewage and rubbish of the
streets since this t==The 1848 Public Health Act was the first step on the road to improved
public health. One of the individuals who played an important role in its creation was Edwin
Chadwick.
https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/introducing/history/frieze/sir-edwin-chadwick
In 1854, there was another outbreak of cholera. The outbreak convinced John Snow to investigate
a theory. He concluded that cholera was spread through water. He marked on a map all the
deaths in one particular area of London’s East end and later discovered that there was many
deaths around a water pump on Broad Street. Snow had the handle removed so people
couldn’t use the infected water. Because of this the number of deaths fell dramatically. The
investigation had a massive impact on public health as it helped people change their minds about
Chadwick’s suggestion of providing clean water.
Outline findings from the Beveridge report, Acheson report and the black report.
In 1942, the Beveridge Report which was written by Sir William Beveridge talked about
five‘EvilGiants’in society. The report showed that the post war time was a time for a
fundamental change, on recommendation was that the government should find different
methods to prevent disease. It talked about that everyone employed should pay a certain
amount of money to the movement and in return there would be benefits for the
unemployed and the sick, retired or people who are widowed.
http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/citizenship/brave_new_world/welfare.htm#:~:text=T
he%20Beveridge%20Report%20aimed%20to,the%20retired%20and%20the%20widowed.
, lOMoARcPSD|3013804
The black report
In August 1980 a report was published called the Working Group on Inequalities in Health which
also Darcey Watkinson
known as the Black Report is named after the chairman Sir Douglas Black who was the President
of the Royal College of Physicians. It focused on different health inequalities experienced by
different social classes. The report focused on how social inequalities have developed over time
in different areas of life such as income distribution and gave recommendations on how to
improve and reduce inequalities between different social classes.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7118327/
Acheson report
The Acheson report was created in 1998, it looked at inequalities between different social
classes and provided four types of explanations for why three health inequalities within social
classes were. The purpose of the inquiry was to inform the development of the government's
public health and to contribute to a healthier nation.
Planning national provision of healthcare and promoting the health of the population
The first aim of the government is healthcare provision this is important because it allow all
individuals from all different background, race, ethnises to have quality healthcare to the same
good standard. The goal of health provision is to improve health outcomes in the population
and to respond to people's expectations, while reducing inequalities in health and healthcare.
Medicine and technology have become more advanced has become more advanced over the
years so the public health should expect health provision to be more effective to protect them
from illness and disease. The government can understand where health provision is needed
because there is statistics on different factors such as lifestyle choices these include
exsersize,diet and living conditions, these lifestyle choices all have an impact on health this
could be positive or negative. It is vital for the government to have this information as it can
show recurring trends in health and this can help future healthcare for example there could be
a current trend in obesity in teenagers the government then could target teenagers to do more
activities so this could reduce the trend of obesity in teenagers, this could increase life
expectancy as well because obesity leads to other issues such as heart disease,dibeates which
all have a chance of decreasing a person’s life expectancy. The biggest strain on the public
recently is the coronavirus a lot of people’s daily routines became completely different for
example people had to stay at home because it was and currently is a danger especially to
individuals who have an underlying health condition. The public health introduced this rule
because there was such a strain on the NHS because there was not enough beds and
medical equipment to support the seriously ill.
Identifying and monitoring the needs of the population
The second aim of the public health is about monitoring the needs of the population to help
treat and control disease in society. It is vital to have this information as it means that the
public health’s decisions and actions will help meet the needs of society in a more precise way
meaning that illness and disease will be able to be more controlled and monitored. For public
health polices to be effective, the government must be able to predict a social change and
identify how polices can be changed to meet the increasing needs of society. It is vital for the
government to look at medical evidence and statistics which link lifestyle choices to different
health problems for example smoking
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