These are simple, colourful and easy to remember notes for the Unit 2 exam for Criminology. These are for 1.1. I made these and found the layout and colours made it really easy for me to remember everything in the exam, and I got an A!
- Values: General principles that tell us how to live our lives. Telling us what is right and
wrong. E.g, respecting their elders.
- Norms: Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern peoples behaviour in
different scenarios. E.g, not interrupting the elderly.
- Moral codes: Basic rules, values and norms held by an individual/group/organisation. E.g,
police code of ethics which has 9 features, for example integrity, openess + selflessness.
- Deviance: Behaviour that differs from the normality, e.g behaviour that is unusual, out
of the ordinary or uncommon in some way.
- Crime: Behaviour that breaks and is therefore punishable by the law.
- Formal Sanctions: Sanctions imposed by instiutitons e.g court or the police that are laid
down by law.
- Informal Sanctions: Actions in response to deviance, such as grounding a child or a
“slap on the wrist.”
- There are three types of deviance. Behaviour that is unusual and good, e.g risking your
life for someone else. Behaviour that is eccentric, e.g talking to yourself or hugging
trees. Finally behaviour that is bad, e.g physically attacking somebody for no reason.
- Two things must be considered for a crime to be identified. These are Actus Reus, a
guilty act and Mens Rea, a guilty mind.
- However, there are exceptions to this rule. One of these is strict liability, where the
guilty act alone is required for it to be a crime. A second is self-defence, assaulting
someone in defence of themselves with the force required for the scenario, which is not
considered a crime.
- In the UK, laws are classified under two levels of seriousnesses. Summary Offences,
which are less serious offences such as speeding. Indicatable Offences, which are more
serious such as murder and are tried in a crown court.
- Crimes can also be classified in terms of the nature of the crime itself, for example
violence against a person or property crime.
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