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Summary Psychology alevel social influence AQA notes
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Psychology alevel social influence AQA notes Types of conformity: internalisation, identification and compliance. Explanations for conformity: informational social influence and normative social influence, and variables affecting conformity including group size, unanimity and task difficulty as i...

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  • June 23, 2023
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SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Conformity:
A change in person’s behaviour or opinions as a result of real pressure from a
group or person


Internalisation:
-Deepest type of conformity
-When you change your views because you’ve accepted the majority’s views as
correct
-Agree with the views publicly and privately


Internalisation influence:
Informational social influence


Compliance:
-Temporarily changing beliefs to agree with the majority
-Agree in public but disagree in private


Compliance influence:
Normative social influence


Identification:
-Conforming to fulfill a social role
-Somethig about the group we value
-Follow attitudes of the group and behaviour
-Disagree with some aspects of the group behaviour in private


Normative social influence:

,-Agree with the majority’s opinion - we want to be accepted and gain social
approval
-Fear of being isolated
-Avoid ridicule and social ridicule
-Leads to compliance


Informational social influence;
-Agree with the majority’s opinion because we believe it’s correct
-Need for certainty
-Compare ourselves and internalise our beliefs
-Lead to internalisation


Evaluation for informational and normative social influence:
-Research support for informational social influence
-Lucas asked students to give answers to mathematical problems that were
easy or more difficult
-Greater conformity to incorrect answers when they were difficulty and was
most true for students who rated their mathematical ability as poor
-People conform in situations when they don’t know the answer and we look to
people we think are right


-Individual differences in normative social influence
-NSI doesn’t affect everyone’s behaviour in the same way
-For example people who are less concerned about being liked are less
affected by NSI
-McGhee and Tegan found that students in need of affiliation more likely to
conform

, -Shows that desire to be liked underlies conformity for some people more
than others


-ISI and NSI work together
-Deutch and Gerrard theory is both processes involved in behaviour
-For example conformity reduced when there’s one dissenting participant in
Asch
-Dissenter reduces power of NSI or may reduce power of ISI
-Shows that it’s not always possible to be sure NSI or ISI is at work
-Casts serious doubt over view of ISI and NSI as two processes operating
independently in conforming behaviour


Asch’s experiment:
-Investigates social pressure’s effect on conformity
-In groups of 8, participants judged which line matches from the 3 options
-7 test subject, 1 confederates
-18 trials = 12 critical trials
-Confederates purposely went beforehand and gave the wrong answer
-Control = judging the line in isolation
-Tests normative social influence


Results of the Asch study:
-37% on the critical trial conformed to the majority of confederates’ answers
-75% conformed at least once


Evaluation of Asch’s study:
-Participants may have shown demand characteristics
-Lab experiments induce stress - change mindset

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