Diffusion Across
Membranes
Simple Diffusion
Follows concentration gradient
High to low concentration
Small, lipid-soluble molecules
Integral (not metabolic) energy
Through phospholipid bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion
Follows concentration gradient
High to low concentration
Small, water-soluble molecules
Integral (not metabolic) energy
Through channel proteins
Active Transport
Against concentration gradient
Low to high concentration
Insoluble molecules
Metabolic (not integral) energy
Through carrier proteins
Osmosis
Follows water-potential gradient
High to low water-potential (high to low water concentration)
Low to high solute concentration
Water molecules only
Integral (not metabolic) energy
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