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NHB (Neurobiology and Human Behaviour) Psychology Introduction and Attention
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University of Cambridge (Medicine 1st class): Summary of key points of NHB (Neurobiology and Human Behaviour) Introduction to Psychology and Attention lectures for 2nd year.

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  • June 29, 2023
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Lecture notes
  • Kc plaisted-grant, greg davis
  • All classes

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NHB (Neurobiology and Human Behaviour) Lecture
Notes: Psychology Introduction and Attention
Introduction to Psychology
Types of research
● Descriptive phenomena (classification (e.g. types of stigma),
distribution (e.g. onset of symptoms, disease), observation (of
behaviour, trends))
○ Factor analysis: find clusters of correlation, due to subfactors

instead of super factor
○ Correlation doesn’t mean causation
● Correlation (simple, complex (factor analysis)
● Experimental (mechanisms (difficult since using unobservable mental
states to explain behaviour))

Behavioural theory and mental states
● Pavlovian conditioning: CS will exhibit same normal behaviour as US
○ Explained used behavioural theory (requires no reference to

mental states, law-like relationships)
● But two meaningless stimuli can be associated together (behaviourally
silent learning), then turning one into a CS also turns the other one
into a CS
○ Needs mental states to be explained
● Mentalism: infer another person’s mental state (switches between
ages 3-4)
○ Also needs mental states to be explained
● You can make inferences about unobservable states, and use them in
mechanistic theories
○ But not all phenomena can be mechanistic (e.g. observation uses

statistics)
● However you need to combine with behaviour for functional relevance
● Sometimes need brain analysis (fMRI, EEG, lesion studies) too

Consciousness experiment
● Show CS+ and CS- of visual pattern with US of a shock to measure
response of skin galvanisation
● When CS+ and CS- are easy to differentiate, conscious awareness of
shock coming is in accordance with skin galvanisation
● But when difficult, there is no conscious awareness but there is still
skin galvanisation
● So consciousness is not needed for conditioning

Implicit bias experiment
● Names shown on screen, press left for white, right for black
● Objects shown on screen, press left for pleasant, right for aversive
● Names or object shown on screen, press left for white or pleasant,

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