PNP401 / PNH400 Exam prep

1. hepatitis patho- physiology 2. hepatitis etiology - 6 3. hepatitis charac- teristics portal of entry 4. hepatitis mani- festations - 9 5. hepatitis types treatment 6. List gall bladder disorders - 4 inflammation of the liver -fibrosis (scarring), -cirrhosis, -hepatocellular carcino- ma or liver cancer. Toxins, certain drugs, some diseases, heavy alcohol use, and bacterial and viral infections can all cause hepatitis. A, E: Fecal/oral = self-limiting B,D: sex, vertical (mother to child), IV. =chronic C: blood = chronic Jaundice (d/t build up of bilirubin), pruritus (itching), RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, constipation, anorex- ia, general flu-like symptoms. low-grade fever A, E: Non/self-limiting; heals 6mths B,D: Antiviral medications, liver transplant. C: interferon, ribavirin. Cholelithiasis Formation of gallstones Choledocholithiasis Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones Cholangitis Inflammation usually related to infection of bile ducts Cholecystitis Inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct 7. Cholelithiasis pathophysiology 8. Cholelithiasis eti- ology - 3 9. Cholelithiasis manifestations - 5 10. Cholelithiasis treatment - 2 Formation of gall stone bile contains too much cholesterol, bilirubin (Pigment gall- stones), gallbladder doesn't empty correctly pain below sternum Back pain between your shoulder blades Radiating pain right shoulder/neck Nausea and vomiting jaundice laparoscopic cholecystectomy, oral bile acid dissolution drugs 11. jaundice patho- physiology Occurs d/t build-up of bilirubin, a by-product of heme catabolism, 12. jaundice etiology A weak or damaged liver doesn't metabolize bilirubin / combine bilirubin to bile from the gall bladder 13. jaundice mani- festations - 6 14. jaundice treat- ment 15. Cirrhosis patho- physiology Yellow tinge to the skin and the whites of the eyes. Pruritis (itchiness) Fatigue. Abdominal pain - typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct. Weight loss. Vomiting. Fever. Paler than usual stools, dark urine swelling of the liver and legs, ankles or feet Treat the underlying cause of liver dysfunction Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver 16. Cirrhosis etiolo- gy 17. Cirrhosis mani- festations 18. Cirrhosis treat- ment 19. Acute pancreati- tis pathophysiol- ogy ETOH, fat, Virus, Toxins, Drugs: antimetabolite Fatigue Fever. Chills. Abdominal pain. Flu-like symptoms. Change in skin color. Treat underlying cause: etiology Complications: Edema, High BP, Infection, meds prevent toxin buildup Digestive enzymes produced in your pancreas become activated while inside the pancreas, causing damage = inflammation, & Scar tissue