Lecture notes
Plant system
- Module
- Computer (MSC)
- Institution
- OCR
Lecture notes of 23 pages for the course Computer at OCR (Bio-diversity)
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Important roles of the vacuoles are: Energetically efficient means to increase surface to volume ratio in the dendritic
growth from since 90 % of the cell volume is vacuole, therefore 90% of the cell is
water which is relatively cheap in metabolic terms.
Water storage: - Probably a minor role: mostly in succulent plants.
Waste disposal: The vacuole can be considered the cell cesspool. It contains many
secondary metabolites.
Organelle Function
Cell Wall Supports and protects the cell
Nucleus Stores heredity information in DNA; Synthesis RNA & Ribosomes
Mitochondrion Transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP
Vacuole Stores enzymes & waste products
Plastids Stores food or pigments; one type (Chloroplast) transfers energy form
light to organic compounds
Ribosome Organizes the synthesis of proteins
Endoplasmic Prepares proteins for export(Rough ER); synthesis steroids, regulates
reticulum (ER) Calcium level, breaks down toxic substances (Smooth ER)
Golgi Apparatus Process & Packages substances produced by the cell
Microfilaments& Contribute to the support. Movement, and division of cell
Microtubules
Cilia & Flagella Propel cells through the environment; move materials over the cell surface
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,Lecture 4
Plant Tissue
A group of similar or dissimilar cells having a common origin and performing a similar
function.
A. Meristematic tissue
The term meristem has been derived from a Greek word meristos- which means
divisible or having cell division activity, so meristem is a group of cell which
has power of continuous division.
Meristems are the site of formation of new cells within the plant. eg.: meristem
at apex of stem, root and vascular cambium, etc. .
The term meristem was given by C. Nageli (1858) for group of continuously
dividing cells.
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, Characteristics of meristematic cell:
1- Living cells found in vegetative regions of the plant
2- They have thin walls of cellulose.
3- Cells are normally isodiametric, oval, polygonal or rectangular
4- Abundant cytoplasm is present, vacuoles are either absent or very small, large nucleus is
present and their plastids are in proplastid stage.
5- Cells are compactly arranged and lack intercellular spaces.
6- Cells have the capacity to divide.
Classification of merestimatic tissue
Meristematic tissues may be classified on the basis of:
(a) Origin and development
(b) Position in the plant body
(c) Plane of division
(d) Functions
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